Fish are homemade. Types of aquarium fish, compatibility and content

In the world there are several thousand varieties of aquarium fish. Small and large, predatory and carnivorous, bright and not very, with magnificent tails, long mustaches and bizarre fins - all these inhabitants of the underwater world are attracted by their beauty, and watching their slow movements in the water column helps to relax and rest from everyday problems.

In an effort to create a living space in an automated environment, residents of megacities establish an aquarium at home. Someone enjoys a miniature house for fish, where you can arrange 2-3 species of waterfowl, and someone creates a real underwater world in the apartment with a volume of 200, 300 or more liters. The preferences in choosing aquarium inhabitants also differ, some people inhabit it with flocks of miniature fish, the length of which does not reach 2 centimeters, others grow large catfish that grow to a weight of 1-2 kilograms, while others buy piranhas and other predators that feed on fresh meat.

Going to join the ranks of lovers of the underwater world, it is important to determine what kind of fish you can keep in one aquarium, what should be the temperature of the water, what to feed and how to care for. To answer these and many other questions will help study the characteristics of the species of pets that will be populated by the aquarium.

South American Sculls

The body of the fish has a discoid shape with an elongated dorsal fin. In artificial reservoirs, the pet's length rarely reaches 10 centimeters. The flesh color of a fish of a scalar as a result of long-term selection work can be various - from black to saturated golden. The business card of the species is dark vertical stripes that pass through the body. By their saturation you can talk about the health status of Pterophyllum scalare. Fishes of a scalar - quiet, peace-loving, keep groups of 5-7 individuals. Harmoniously coexist with small and commensurable non-aggressive waterfowl.

Optimal conditions: the volume of water - from 100 liters. The species needs a clearing for free swimming, vegetation for shelters. As scenery and shelter can be placed on the bottom of intricate snags, labyrinths and other structures. They prefer dark soil. The hardness of water is insensitive. Suitable temperature is 25-27 degrees Celsius. The light should be muffled, without sharp changes.

Dry algae prefer live food. Scalarians are prone to overeating, from which they suffer, it is important to feed systemically and portionwise.

Terra - a real decoration of the aquarium

Domestic fish of this species reach 4-5 centimeters in length. The body is slender, elongated, with a characteristic dark stripe horizontally. Caudal fin divided in two, there is a fat fin. Anal fin slightly extended. Body color - saturated lemon. Dorsal fin black. Females are fuller than males, pale in color. Lemon tetra flock is peace - loving fish. Special requirements for the volume of the aquarium does not show, it likes living vegetation, it needs territory for free swimming.

Optimum conditions of the maintenance - a ground of dark color, it is possible to use a fine pebble or sand of average, is closer to a large fraction. Peat filtration is shown. It is recommended to replace ¼ of the water every 7-10 days.

Lemon tetra in food is unpretentious, prefers both dry and live food. Can eat foliage of aquarium plants. It is prone to obesity (why women suffer from infertility), so periodically it is necessary to practice preventive fasting for a day (once every two or three weeks). It is also important to provide them with enough space for active movement.

Neon kind hifesobrykon (Hyphessobrycon)

Fish belonging to this species are distinguished by a dorsal vertical fin. Scales are absent in the fin area. The body is compressed laterally, high. The caudal fin is deeply cut, the anal fin is of rectangular shape. Neon red is distinguished by the magnificence of its color, is mobile, peaceful.

Optimum conditions of maintenance - a small-sized aquarium with soft water. Representatives of the species are hard at transferring her shift, it is necessary to do this as rarely as possible. The installation of a peat filter is shown. Priority insignificant darkening, densely planted underwater vegetation areas should alternate with water areas for navigation. The temperature range is 22-25 degrees.

As a feed, neon red prefers dry algae, bloodworm, enchitracies, crustaceans and small insects.

Sexual differences are poorly expressed, an experienced professional can cope with the task.

Golden crucian - the most popular aquarium fish

The body of the waterfowl is elongated, in shape resembles its ancestor - the crucian carp. Caudal fin single, rounded, straight, size not more than ¼ of the body of the fish. Thoracic and ventral fins are paired, anal - short, single. Goldfish have a characteristic orange-red color, rarely there are individuals-albinos of red-white color.

Optimal conditions of maintenance - water of medium hardness and acidity, safely tolerate a decrease in temperature to 10 and an increase to 28 degrees. Prefers more space for swimming. In the aquarium it is necessary to equip bright illumination, use ground of small fraction, driftwood, stones, etc. High endurance of the rock allows to keep it in an open decorative pond.

Goldfish are omnivorous. They consume live, vegetable food, concentrated fodder.

Beef fish

The frog cockerel got its name from aggressive males, who fight among themselves like roosters. At home, in the countries of the East, they are bred for fights, and real trainers prepare for the competitions of participants. Representatives of the species have a long body elongated in length, rounded in cross section. Mouth with swollen lips. Color is dark brown with rows of green with overflow spots. The aquarium reaches a length of six centimeters. Life expectancy is 1,5-2 years.

On one water area it is supposed to contain one male and several females. The purchase of two males involves the installation of a glass partition, otherwise the victims can not be avoided. The aquarium must be closed from above, so that the air above the water surface is warm and the pets do not catch cold. The lighting is top, the ground is dark, thickets of living and inanimate plants, houses, caves and so on. The permissible temperature is 25-27 degrees.

Fish cockerel prefers live food in the form of bloodworms. Practices for feeding options for dry plant products. Representatives of the species are prone to overeating, which, together with insufficient space for active swimming, can lead to the development of diseases. Specialists in the field of aquaristics recommend to arrange fighting fish for fasting days in the form of fasting not more than once a week.

Barbuses - keepers of peace and coziness in the aquarium

The trunk of the black representative is oval-shaped, elongated and squeezed on the sides. Above the pectoral fin and in the region of the tail are silver spots. A mesh drawing of scales is printed on the body. Fish black barbs The female is larger than the male in size, the color is pale. Individual flock, calm. It is recommended to keep five to seven fish in the aquarium at once. They swim in the middle layers of the water.

Optimum conditions of maintenance: in the water area it is necessary to create an atmosphere of semi-darkness, to choose a dark image for decorating the back wall, to use a dark background of the ground and brown algae. The top light is muted, shifted to the front wall. The quality of water fish are undemanding. The temperature range of comfort is 18-28 degrees Celsius. The properties of water do not matter.

Barbuses like spacious aquariums from 50 liters with places of solitude in the form of plants and structures. Recommended filtration and aeration, substitution of 20% water weekly.

Fish are unpretentious in food. Use dry, lively and concentrated food.

Common Catfish

Body stumpy, short. Back, head and fins are covered with numerous dark spots. Dorsal fin high. The back line is arched, the abdomen is practically flat. Two pairs of antennae on the upper lip - a distinctive feature of all soms. Eyes are moving. Back, head and tail light brown, abdomen pink, with golden tint. In captivity, males grow to six centimeters, females to seven or eight. This is a schooling species, it is supposed to contain not less than five or seven individuals in one water area.

Small-sized spotted fish is one of the most unpretentious species. The range of comfortable temperature is 2-35 degrees Celsius. A special way of intestinal breathing allows the waterfowl to comfortably exist in dirty water, a small aquarium, in the absence of aeration. Admissible acidity - no more than 8.2, rigidity - up to 35. Fish domestic do not tolerate salt water. The ground is worth picking up small, in it they are happy to dig. Required real or artificial plants, in the shade of which the species rests and takes cover. Bright light is not required, enough daylight.

Feed - vegetable, live (bloodworm, coret, tube). They prefer to pick up food that sinks to the bottom.

Small and delicate guppies

Representatives of the species refer to viviparous fish, which do not spawn, but produce live-formed fry. Described fish - one of the smallest inhabitants of the aquarium. The largest males reach 4 centimeters in length, females are larger - up to six centimeters. Fish guppies in the aquarium are represented in a wide range of species. The main difference is in the color and shape of the fins. A special attraction for aquarists are daisy, round-tailed scarves, fork and veil guppies.

Optimal conditions of maintenance: small waterfowl safely endure adversity. The permissible temperature regime is 23-26 degrees, the daily deviation is not more than 3-5 degrees. They live in packs of 8-10 individuals. It is recommended to change a third of water once a week. The content of elite guppies provides for the presence of an aquarium of fifty or more liters. For a comfortable existence, the male has a liter of water, the female - two. Strong filtration and aeration are required.

They prefer dry and industrial canned food. Domestic fish can suffer a week's hunger strike, overfeeding often causes death.

Macropodus opercularis - representatives of the labyrinth family

Representatives of the class can be recognized from the elongated, oblate body. The length of the individual reaches six to seven centimeters. The head and body are proportional. Fins of back and anal aperture of the same size, thoracic pointed, tail lyre-like. Color varies from brown to dark yellow. Transverse strips passing through the body tend to change color.

The volume of the aquarium should start from 20 liters. The bottom should be planted densely, plant several snags. Representatives of the labyrinth team have an organ by which they breathe atmospheric air, so there is no need to install an air compressor. Weekly change of 20 percent of water is shown. Those who own a macro fish at home , compatibility is interested in it. She gets along well with commensurable gurus, barbs, and coliz.

Predators in their nature prefer to eat fish fry, mollusks and invertebrates. In the conditions of the aquarium, the preferred diet should consist of larvae of a black mosquito, tubule and bloodworm. In order to increase the brightness of the color in the food, it is periodically necessary to add carotenoids (live daphnia, crushed prawns, cyclops).

Compatibility of aquarium fish

The question of combining different types of waterfowl in one water area is one of the most burning and controversial. The right combination of species of domestic fish will provide not only the comfort of the existence of each of them, but also save from death. To save new owners of a closed ecosystem from crude, sometimes irreparable mistakes will help the recommendations of professionals.

The key to creating a favorable microclimate in the water area will be the use of knowledge and compliance with the list of compatibility criteria for waterfowl:

1. The need for different environmental conditions. Inexperienced users begin to colonize the aquarium from river and marine fauna. They are less demanding for aeration, acidity and hardness of water, safely endure 1-2 days of fasting and do not need constant water replacement. Exotic creatures are more demanding in terms of habitat, they need careful care.
2. Suitable temperature regime. Cold and thermophilic fishes are bad neighbors. Some will suffer from overheating, others will freeze. Such experiments will lead to a rapid reduction in the number of inhabitants of the aquarium.
3. Character. An attempt to combine waterfowl aggressive and peace-loving disposition will lead to the fact that the former will attack the latter, and in case of physical superiority, they will eat. Experienced aquarists are advised to select fish that are similar in size, since cannibalism cases are not uncommon even within one species, when one individual is significantly larger than the other in size.
4. Schoolfish need special living conditions. They feel comfortable, safe, and also ready to breed exclusively within the group. Fish in a single specimen without relatives will experience the greatest stress and die.

It is important to understand: the acquisition of an aquarium, as well as the selection of its inhabitants should not be accidental. To begin with, it is necessary to determine which representatives of the fauna you want to see in your own home pond - predatory, peaceful, decorative or schooling. Assess your ability to care, what conditions you can create with the condition of their constant maintenance at the initial level.

Answering these questions, you can proceed with choosing a particular aquarium model, its dimensions, functions, properties. When the equipment is put into operation, it should not be filled with the inhabitants to the limit. Practice a small number of unpretentious fish and gradually increase the population, not forgetting the basic rules of compatibility.