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Fascia is ... Human fascia

Fascia is something that does not show bright images in the pictures that illustrate the muscles. And meanwhile, this tissue in the body is the most. Sometimes people forget about it, studying anatomy or doing gym work. But its significance is so great that knowledge allows us to use the concept both in theory and in practice. In the article we will reveal what the fascia means and how it is arranged in the body.

The concept of

Fascia - it's ligaments, and pleura, and membranes, and so on. All data of education are derived from some embryonic rudiment or mesoderm, from which a tissue called mesenchyme is produced. In it in all directions there is a mechanical activity in the embryonic period. Minor shifts and movements occur throughout life. The fascia is what is present on each of the levels of the human body, this is a fundamental component of physiology, mainly due to its function of protection.

The fascia contacts the external environment even before the nervous system interferes with it. At its level, the interaction of space inside and outside the cell is realized. This ensures equilibrium.

To absorb the load, this structure forms chains, and when the critical level is exceeded, it changes its properties. All traumas remain in the memory.

Fascia - a connective tissue, or rather, the mesoderm from the embryonic leaf. It turns out that both the cartilage and the bones are also them, but in a condensed form. By forming a single tissue, they, without interruption, follow from head to toe outside and inside. Fascia binds bones between themselves and inside themselves. Penetrating into all structures and layers, they form a matrix, starting from the inside and ending with the most superficial layer.

They are divided into three levels:

  • subcutaneous;
  • deep;
  • Subserous.

Let us dwell on them in more detail.

Subcutaneous fascia

As the name implies, it is under the skin, being the main one in the layer of fat, vessels, nerves and receptors. It is due to this connective tissue that the skin is able to shift in different directions over the layers of other structures.

In this space, liquid and metabolites can accumulate. Due to the connection with the deep fascia, the tissue changes here can be caused by the processes passing inside, reflecting on themselves their dysfunction.

Deep Fascia

This is a more dense structure compared to the previous one. It separates muscles, nerves and vessels, internal organs, and so on (for example, the fascia of the neck may serve). Elements here are the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum. Because of its dense and stable properties, syndromes of different nature can develop. Thus, as a result of a trauma to the lower limb, the fascia of the thigh can be broken and the vessel of the nerve can be damaged, where sensitivity is damaged.

Subserozoa fascia

This substance covers the internal organs. It is characterized by looseness and is the basis for nerves and small vessels. This must be taken into account in cases when visceral therapy is used.

Functions

The fascia perform the following functions.

  • First, they are a support for nerves and blood vessels.
  • Secondly, they take part in the formation of muscles, ligaments and tendons.
  • Thirdly, they ensure slip between organs and tissues.
  • Fourth, keep the form.
  • Fifthly, they are a nutritious and lubricating component.
  • Sixth, provide reflexes to the nervous system.
  • Seventh, they make proprioception and nociception.
  • And finally, eighth, go into the immune system.

They are closely related to the muscles. For example, the wide fascia of the hip, like others, covers his muscles. Therefore, it actively participates in the process of their extension - reduction.

Deformations

Changes in fascia become possible due to their elastic-viscous properties, which is ensured by the ratio of individual elements of connective tissue. There are two types of elastic deformations:

  • Plastic;
  • Elastic.

The first is to acquire a new shape as a result of the applied load (if the work was stretching, then this is an elongation). In this case, the form that existed before the load is forgotten. It is easy to understand this by the example of plasticine. Especially plastic she is at a young age. The property is manifested due to the viscosity of the main substance of the tissue. If it were not plastic, then the form of a person throughout life could not change.

Elastic stretch deformation retains a new length while the forces are applied for this. But after that, the former length is returned. For example, a wide fascia can stretch out and shorten again. It can be compared to a rubber band, since, unlike the previous type, it remembers the "past". The connective tissue has these elastic properties, which ensures a constant shape and size. So, the fascia of the neck, although may be slightly longer, but very little. They keep their size.

Hysteresis

It seems, how can two opposite qualities coexist? This paradox will be easier to understand if we recall the tissue hysteresis. It is known that external and internal changes in the environment contribute to a change in the properties of the tissue. If the temperature in the fascia rises, plastic properties predominate. At a lower temperature, on the contrary, more elastic properties will appear.

Remember stretching exercises. It is known that it is necessary to warm up the muscles before it. Then the stretching will be more effective. The broad fascia tensor, the anterior, posterior muscle group on the hips will extend much better after intensive training.

The external and internal environment is constantly changing. And after them the properties of the tissues also change. Among the factors exerting on this influence, one can distinguish the time of the day, palpitation, respiratory rhythm.

The change in the elastic properties of the fabric was called the "hysteresis loop".

Fascia and trauma

These structures are susceptible to microtrauma. The reactions of the fascia to overload are divided in stages into the following types:

  • Decreased ability to stretch;
  • Reparation with scarring;
  • Distortion of spatial perception.

It turns out that first, due to overload, they loosen, which can lead to the occurrence of bleeding and inflammation. Then there are scars, sealing contractures, there is pain and, finally, proprioception and muscle tone change.

Later, changes lead to systemic reactions. There is a pain syndrome. Along with the fact that the fascia delineate the organs, they ensure glide, they are membranes-a transit for the vessels and nerves. Most of this reaction is inherent in those vessels that nourish the nerves. So, at the stage of pathogenesis, muscles suffer, but at the same time there may be a so-called "tunnel effect", when other areas are involved in irrigation. Then irradiation arises. An example here is the syndrome of stair muscles.

Muscles

These structures follow the fascia. They are divided into static and phasic. Of course, each of them has one and the other function, but still some are dominant.

The former are more prone to shortening. The lower part includes, for example, straight hips, square lumbar, gastrocnemius and other muscles. In the upper - stairs, the widest back, the muscles lifting the shoulder blade, and so on.

Dynamic muscles tend to be hypotensive. An example of them are the buttock, abdomen, deep neck flexors, extensors of the upper limbs.

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