Engine YAMZ-236: characteristics, device, adjustment

YaMZ-236 is a legendary diesel engine produced by JSC Avtodizel, the former Yaroslavl Motor Plant. This V-shaped "six" became popular in the Soviet Union, and after its disintegration - and in the whole of the CIS. The engine is currently used on trucks, tractors and combines. It can be found on such well-known cars as MAZ, KRAZ, URAL, ZIL, and also on tractors K-700.

The closest associates of this model are YaMZ-238 for 8 cylinders and YAMZ-240 - 12-cylinder. YaMZ-236 has many modifications with different amounts of horsepower.

History of creation

In the 1950s, the Yaroslavl Plant received a state special order for the creation of more powerful diesel engines, which were supposed to replace the outdated YaAZ. These engines had to become more powerful and more economical than their predecessors. On the other hand, the state wanted to get a universal ICE, which could be used on different brands of cars.

Under the leadership of the outstanding designer of the USSR and the honored scientist Chernyshev GD, the YaMZ-236 engine was created, as well as the rest of the family of diesel engines of that time. He also developed a no less legendary series of units for KAMAZ.

Thus, the ICE was born, which to this day is famous for many. It features high power, reliability, easy repair, simple maintenance, as well as cheap spare parts. A great resource and maintainability allow him to serve as faith and truth for many years.

Production at present

To date, the production of YaMZ-236 continues, although there is already its successor YaMZ-530. Volumes of sold motors do not fall, but due to military actions in Ukraine, the delivery to the Kremenchug car assembly plant, which produced well-known KRAZ trucks, stopped. Of course, the Yaroslavl plant lost its engine sales segment, but this did not reduce production.

Specifications and device

The YaMZ-236 engine has rather high technical characteristics. It is equipped with 6 cylinders, which are parallel and have a tilt angle of 90 degrees. The fuel is delivered directly to the cylinders, that is, direct injection. The pressure in the engine is 16.5 atmosphere. The piston has a diameter of 130 mm in the base and 140 mm in the repair version, with its stroke of 140 mm.

The engine is equipped with a high-pressure fuel pump of mechanical type and injectors, which directly inject to each cylinder. Each head unit has 6 valves - 3 inlet and 3 outlet.

Cooling system - liquid with forced circulation, which is carried out by means of a water pump. The drive is a belt that rotates the pump pulley from the crankshaft pulley.

Engine YMZ-236 has a volume of 11 liters, the power ranges from 150 to 420 horsepower. On the latest models, it was increased to 500 hp. In connection with the increase in fuel tariffs, the manufacturers of YaMZ-236, whose consumption was 40 liters per 100 km, reduced this figure to 25 liters.

The main power unit was made from cast iron until 2010, until it was decided to transfer it to aluminum, as well as cylinder head. This made it possible to simplify the procedure for repairing and boring the necks of cylinders, and honing became more precise. At the same time, the unit of the unit did not lose its former strength.

The main characteristics of the YaMZ-236 show that the engine has a fairly simple design, which makes it easy to repair and maintain.

Adjustment

YaMZ-236, which is manually adjusted, requires a special tool. It includes quite a lot of operations. Let's consider the basic manipulations that need to be carried out:

• Adjustment of valves, which is done with a special probe, designed for the engine YMZ-236. The motor assembly allows this operation with the valve cover removed.
• Adjustment of the clutch, more precisely this process is called balancing. It is held on a special stand.
• Adjustment of fuel supply through the injection pump.

All adjustments are carried out only in car-care centers, since they require a special tool that is difficult to find in the garage.

Service

Serving a diesel engine YaMZ-236 is quite simple, if you know how and what to do. Let's consider the basic operations that are included in the service:

1. Change of oil. Usually for this engine it is recommended to use a lubricant for diesel engines of the type M10G2K.
2. Replacement of filter elements. The motor has several filters, which are worth changing every 15,000 km. This is an oil filter, a filter element for coarse and fine fuel cleaning, repair kits of all filters.
3. Adjustment of injection, simply speaking - blowing nozzles.
4. Replacement of gaskets of valve covers and cylinder head. In some cases, the padding material of the pallet changes.
5. Suspension or replacement of drive belts.

Here, in principle, and all maintenance operations, which are conducted at YaMZ-236. Everything else is changing in the current and scheduled repairs.

Repairs

Engine repair YaMZ-236 is carried out only in car-care centers, since it requires special equipment and tools. They include such stands: for dismantling and assembling the power unit and its elements, balancing, adjusting and for testing.

Special equipment will also be required:

• Boring-honing machine.
• Equipment for grinding and polishing the crankshaft.
• Stand with a bath for crimping.
• Reamers for grinding seats of valve seats.
• The equipment for installation of directing valves.
• Lathe and milling machine.
• Stand for cleaning injectors.
• Press for pressing of bearings and stuffing boxes.
• Argon welding, in some cases.
• Another tool and special equipment for repair of diesel engines.

As you can see from the list, it will take quite a lot of stands and equipment that not every car service can afford.

The YaMZ-236 engine is being repaired in several stages. All of them are rather complicated, and for each a professional of a narrow profile answers. Let's consider all stages in turn:

1. Disassembly. Probably, and so it is clear that the ICE is disassembled with the help of a conventional extended set of tools and an air gun.
2. Diagnosis of malfunctions and definition of the list of spare parts that need to be replaced.
3. Crankshaft grinding and cylinder block preparation.
4. Washing of all spare parts and components. Usually it is carried out with hot kerosene.
5. When everything is ready, assembly takes place.

The dismantling process of YaMZ-236 takes about 6-8 hours. The preparation of parts for the assembly takes approximately 16-20 hours, depending on the complexity of the failure. The assembly process takes up to 36 hours. It all depends on how worn out the main units and nodes are and how well prepared they are for the final stage of work.

Future plans

In 2020, the Yaroslavl plant plans to stop the production of YaMZ-236 engines, since it is being replaced by a new YaMZ-660, which will become 100 horsepower more powerful, and the volume will increase to 12.5 liters. At the same time, the classic layout of the cylinders and valves will remain. The innovation is planned to make electronic fuel pump, which will have the Euro-5 standard, which will allow the engines to enter the world market. It is also planned to continue the production of diesel power stations based on YaMZ-236.