Endometrioid cyst

Endometrioma is a consequence of endometriosis of the ovary. Endometrioid cyst is called "chocolate", because the ovary cavity is filled with a thick, curled blood of red-brown color. Cyst size depends on the volume of fluid in it. The endometrioid cyst can grow to large (more than 10 cm) in size, can remain unchanged or even decrease after menopause. Disease is typical of reproductive age. There are approximately 25 women out of 100 who suffer from infertility. Endometrioid cysts are very well seen on ultrasound. There are four degrees of development:

1 degree - with minimal ovarian damage, point foci are single;

2 degree - an increase in the cyst on the ovary to 5 - 6 cm (on the one hand); The presence of adhesions in the appendages; Presence of endometriosis on the peritoneum;

3 degree - cysts are seen on both ovaries, the size is more than 6 cm; Endometriosis of uterine tubes, uterus, peritoneum; Extensive adhesions in the appendages;

4 degree - large cysts on both ovaries, adjacent organs are affected.

Endometrioid cyst. Symptoms

Manifestations are different, depending mainly on the stage and development (prevalence). At the initial stage of this disease a woman can not feel any discomfort at all. Problems arise only with conception. As the progression begins to ache lower abdomen. The intensity and nature of pain is different, especially worse during menstruation or before it. During the disease, adhesions form, which leads to bloating, constipation, urination disorders, etc. But the most terrible consequence is infertility. Sometimes there are complications (if there is a suppuration or rupture of the cyst).

The endometrioid cyst is a fairly common pathology, in which it is almost impossible to get pregnant. And even if pregnancy occurs (rather, this is an exceptional case), bleeding, miscarriage, complications during pregnancy and after childbirth are quite possible. The flow is long. The sites of endometriosis can degenerate into adenoacanthomas and adenocarcinomas. A relatively high percentage of ovarian tumor development. The disease occurs in 17% of women and in the absence of treatment can develop into cancer.

Diagnosed by a gynecologist with a vaginal examination (enlarged appendages, pain in the lower abdomen), by means of computed tomography, ultrasound.

Endometrioid cyst. Treatment.

Treatment is only prompt. The operation is called a cystectomy. The ovary and adjacent tissues are removed in case of their defeat (if the disease is in 3-4 stages). That is why it is more expedient to detect the disease at earlier stages. Preference is given to laparoscopic technique. The method can be called sparing, the operation is performed under general anesthesia. On the abdominal wall cuts are made (usually 3-4), through which, with the help of special equipment, surgery is performed. Its duration is about two hours. Many patients after the operation can be ready for discharge within 24 hours. Recovery is much faster than after the usual surgical intervention, and complete recovery occurs much earlier. Very low percentage of the formation of adhesions in the small pelvis and abdominal cavity. Reduced the number of relapses. If the operation is performed in the early stages of the disease, in many cases the fertility is restored. After the course of hormone therapy is mandatory.

The exact causes of the development of the disease are still unknown, but the state of immunity, hormonal status, genetic predisposition, the environment, previous diseases (including reproductive organs) and lifestyle in general play a big role in development.