Emancipation of women: origins, development and reflection in the norms of law

The notion of emancipation has traditionally been associated with a weak gender, which, in an effort to achieve equality in the recruitment of rights and responsibilities, has been conducting a stubborn struggle at all levels for several centuries. This term arose as a counterweight to the encirclement, by which the ancient Romans called the rite of imposing an encumbrance on things in the event of a change of ownership or the performance of other acts. Emancipation also meant the liberation of the child from the parental will of "paraphamilias" and giving him the freedoms inherent in the adult member of society.

The emancipation of women, as a political and social movement, originated on the crest of a democratic wave of the late 18th century, when the raging Great French Revolution, among the many brave trends, gave life to the institution of feminism. The current united the most active representatives of the higher and middle sections of society: they were intelligent and educated women, who revealed to the world the obvious injustice of gender asymmetry.

The main victory that the emancipation of women managed to achieve was the empowerment of women with political rights: first, it was only an active electoral right (the right to vote in elections), the next step recognized the equal right of men and women to be elected as members of parliament , The women have the opportunity to engage in government positions.

Equally important freedoms that gave women the emancipation of the weaker sex are: the recognition of the right of women to own property, the right to work and earn equal to men's wages.

Recent views have emerged that, in addition to negative consequences such as a decrease in life expectancy, female alcoholism and an increase in the number of divorces, the emancipation of women leads to a gradual deterioration in the genotype of mankind and a reduction in the number of people. Supporters of this trend argue: independent and self-sufficient, the most educated, highly intelligent and successful girls are slow to create a family and give birth to children, seeking to reach the heights in their careers. As a result, many of them completely refuse maternity either by their own will or because of health problems that appear with age. As a consequence, the gene pool loses its highest intellectual potential, and the population decreases.

Emancipation in civil law receives a different meaning , having much in common with the ancient Roman reading. This term refers to the attainment of the full set of rights of a citizen who has not reached the age of majority.

In Russia, the legal act of emancipation is possible in relation to persons aged 16 who engage in individual entrepreneurial (with parental consent) or other work activities, which is formalized by the decision of the guardianship authorities. In the absence of the consent of one of the parents, judicial order is mandatory. Also, full legal capacity on the basis of a court decision is acquired by citizens over 16 who married and gave birth to a child. This is also emancipation. The civil law of Russia has received this institute "as a gift" from processes of capitalization of a society.