Ecological rating of Russian cities. Problems of city ecology

Many of us at least once in my life have heard about such a concept as the ecological rating of Russian cities. However, this is not surprising. After all, regardless of age, marital status, degree of education and employment, we would like to be proud of the clean environment and not worry about the future health of our children. That is why the ecology of the region is so important in the modern world. In this article I will try to discuss this and some other issues in detail.

Section 1. Ecological rating of Russian cities. The general situation in the country

Lately, more and more information has been revealed, indicating a dysfunctional environmental situation in our country. In addition, according to the results of the XX century, more than 200 cities were declared unfit for life due to the high level of air and water pollution.

Sadly the fact that the result of the all-Russian campaign "Dirty cities", designed to improve the state of the environment, was insignificant, as the elimination of polluting waste was carried out with minimal success. It turns out that the problems of the city's ecology do not disappear in any way, moreover, they are aggravated every day.

Industrial settlements are on the first place in the list of the most dangerous on the planet. So, for example, statistics show that in the Russian Norilsk about 90% of diseases are associated with lung problems, which once again proves the depth of problems with the environmental situation in industrial regions.

It also became known that the Norwegian side, worried about severe environmental pollution, recently allocated a fairly large amount of money to replace the obsolete equipment of one of the plants of the city of Nickel, located on the Kola Peninsula.

Section 2. Three zones of environmental tension in the country

Unfortunately, our green, rich and beautiful country can not be called environmentally friendly for living. The deplorable state of the environment in the state in places reaches its critical value. Back in 1989, scientists compiled a special map of Russia with cities, reflecting the ecological situation at that time. The then USSR, and hence our country, divided into three zones by the degree of contamination, which should be considered in more detail:

1. Catastrophic. This can not be attributed to the largest accumulation of radionuclides in the Kyshtym of the Chelyabinsk region. It is unlikely that anyone will deny the extremely low ecological rating of Russian cities located in this area.

2. The crisis. It is associated with the active activities of oil producing and processing plants, as well as with industrial zones (Kalmykia, Arkhangelsk region, Priangar, Middle and Lower Volga regions and a number of other territories).

3. Moderately tense. District Chernozem, north-west European part of the country. The rating of ecologically clean cities in Russia shows that it is on this territory that the most favorable and minimally associated with a health risk.

Section 3. Who is to blame?

However, the "culprits" of increased environmental tension are not only industrial emissions, but also automobile gases, which account for as much as 40% of all pollution.

Statistics of Rospotrebnadzor inexorably show that annually the rating of Russian cities on ecology does not change for the better, and automobile transport spewages about 13 tons of hazardous substances, and more than 58% of the population of megacities are affected by the negative influence of contaminated air.

Section 4. Norilsk - the most dangerous city in Russia

Rating of environmentally dirty cities in Russia is very disappointing. Today, scientists draw not the most rosy pictures about life in a rather unfavorable from this point of view Norilsk.

With a population of only 201 thousand people, the city is engaged in the extraction of almost all the elements of the periodic table, beginning with copper and ending with iridium. From the lips of scientists it is often possible to hear the assertion that Norilsk is on the verge of an ecological catastrophe. And not only.

Terrible studies show that the average life expectancy of men is 45 years, for women, a little more. Bronchial asthma, cancer, mental and physical disorders in infants - the effects of overdose of hazardous substances. Carbon dioxide is allocated 2% of the global emissions!

And this is only in one city that occupies the lowest mark, if one takes into account the rating of Russian cities in ecology.

Section 5. Potentially dangerous Dzerzhinsk

The situation in Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region can harm not only the population of the city, but also the capital of the entire Volga region. Why does this happen? What is the reason?

The fact is that even here during the reign of N. Khrushchev, chemical weapons were developed, as a result of which phenol, sarin and lead contamination still reminds people about the times of the Cold War.

But that's not all. The activities of the current, as if modern and well-equipped industrial enterprises of the city also not the best way affect the state of the ecological situation in Dzerzhinsk.

Section 6. Not everything is so bad!

However, we hasten to assure you that the ecological map of Russia with cities is not as pessimistic as it might seem at first glance, and yet it is not worth to despair yet.

Today, the work of environmentalists is moving, albeit at a very moderate pace. We give explanatory data. So, on reading the report "On the state and on the protection of the environment of the Russian Federation" in 2013 it was said that, for example, Solikamsk was removed from the list of the dirtyest cities in Russia. But it still has 123 cities.

The ecological rating of Russian cities shows that the most dirty regions are Astrakhan, Samara, Ulyanovsk and Sverdlovsk regions, the Chuvash republic, Khakassia, the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

The Murmansk, Novgorod, Kirov, Omsk and Leningrad regions, as well as North Ossetia, are also considered clean.

Section 7. What does the rating of ecologically clean cities in Russia say?

Not so long ago, Deputy Minister of Natural Resources and Ecology of Russia Rinat Gizatulin presented a list of cities that, according to the Ministry's staff, are the most environmentally friendly. This collection includes 87 cities with a population of more than half a million people. It is noteworthy that Moscow takes an honorable 4 place in it. The cleanest city was recognized as the capital of Bashkortostan - Ufa.

Assessment was carried out primarily on the quality of air and water, as well as on the policy guaranteed by local authorities aimed at cleaning up their city from pollution.

The last in the list are Astrakhan, Barnaul and Magadan. In many respects this is due to the fact that the authorities of these settlements completely ignored the request to provide the data necessary for analysis, which means that it is difficult to draw any conclusions about them today.

Section 8. Is Moscow a clean city?

Despite the fact that the main city of the state is on the 4th place among the cleanest cities in Russia, yet the capital is not an ecologically safe place.

However, at the present time, the policy of the authorities in Moscow and the Moscow Region provides for careful monitoring of the state of the environment in different regions.

So, for example, "Mosecomonitoring" regularly publishes data on the state of soil, air, water and forests, and also demonstrates the dynamics of changes. Mobile ecolabatories immediately and at first request respond to complaints from residents. As for especially dangerous industrial emissions, monitoring is conducted daily.

Thus, we can confidently say that in Moscow today all the necessary conditions have been created to control the environmental situation.

Section 9. Ufa - the cleanest city in Russia

As already mentioned above, following the results of 2013 Ufa has become the most favorable city for life from an ecological point of view.

There are indisputable data, according to which the capital of Bashkortostan is considered to be the undisputed leader in the quality of air, water consumed, and the maintenance of the territorial economy. Remarkable indicators in almost all areas.

In addition, Bashneft in October of this year launched a new air purification plant that produces hydrogen of high purity. Moreover, it not only has a positive effect on air quality, but also improves the quality of petroleum products produced at the enterprise.

Unfortunately, not everything is as rosy as we would like. Why? The thing is that not so long ago Ufa officials had made a positive decision to build a wood processing plant called Kronoshpan. It would seem, and jobs, and your plant, and deductions to the local budget are never superfluous.

However, officials with certain powers do not want to understand that the plant's activities can cause significant damage to water resources. Protests of activists, members of environmental communities and even court decisions, unfortunately, will not affect the construction, which should start soon. But whether Ufa will then shine with a golden award in the ranking of the cleanest cities, it is difficult even to guess.