Dislocation syndrome - dislocation of the brain: types, causes, diagnosis and treatment

Dislocation syndrome - these are various displacements that disrupt the work of brain activity. These shifts can be of a different nature.

Causes of the disease. Degrees of the syndrome

Dislocation syndrome occurs at elevated blood pressure. This change occurs because of certain diseases. For example, pathologies can cause: various tumors, abscesses, bruises and swelling of the brain. There may also be a hernia. They are innate. The dislocation syndrome has 3 degrees:

1. Protrusion.
2. The wedge.
3. Infringement.

The brain is the center of control of the human body. The process is carried out by means of neurons. Certain are responsible for the work of certain organs. The accumulation of neurons is called neuron centers. They consist of nerve cells. When shifting tissues in the brain, these or other centers or paths through which the signals of the work of a particular body system are transmitted can become trapped. For example, if there is a squeezing of the center of neurons, which is responsible for the work of the respiratory system, then it will stop.

Symptoms

The dislocation syndrome has a very severe form. For his treatment, surgery may be required. When a dislocation syndrome occurs, a person loses consciousness and falls into a coma. As a rule, it occurs as a result of a stroke or severe head injury. Also, infection of the human nervous system and cerebral edema can cause unconsciousness of a person.

The above reasons for dislocation arise suddenly. Therefore, the human body falls into a coma. But also the reasons for the dislocation of the brain may be other factors, in which the displacement occurs gradually and the person remains conscious. For example, a tumor can begin to form in the brain, which will eventually increase. Or the cyst may begin to develop. These diseases, despite their gradual growth, can cause brain dislocation.

How to identify the disease?

The presence of this disorder in the human body can be determined by the following signs. These include:

1. Severe pain in the head.
2. Nausea, vomiting.
3. Impairment of vision. The fall can be manifested by periods.
4. Convulsions.
5. Half-conscious state or complete loss of consciousness.

All the symptoms associated with a dislocation are called dislocation syndrome. Similar signs are manifested in a person also with a brain tumor. The doctor can make an accurate diagnosis.

Diagnostics

Diagnosing neurological syndromes of a person will help:

1. Echoencephalography. This survey shows how much the midline brain structure has shifted. Displacement can occur both in one direction, and in another.
2. Tomography. With the help of a tomography you can see the internal structure of the brain.
3. Angiography. This type of examination allows you to know about the condition of blood vessels.
4. Radiation diagnostics. It allows you to get an internal snapshot of the human brain.
5. Magnetic resonance imaging.
6. An ultrasound of the head also allows to reveal various malfunctions in the brain.

Treatment of dislocation

Typically, the treatment of this disease is to remove the compression from the brain and eliminate the dislocation. This therapy is carried out in resuscitation or neurosurgery. The task of doctors is to remove the swelling of the brain. This is done by administering diuretics. In addition, prescribe funds that support the vital functions of the body. The operation is also often required. It is performed by neurosurgeons, which surgically remove the source of the dislocation. For example, a tumor or cyst. There are times when surgical intervention is impossible because of a person's condition.

Contact a specialist center for treatment

It should be said that in our country there is an institute of neurosurgery, which deals with the diagnosis of this type of disease. This center is visited by people from all regions of the country. The Institute of Neurosurgery is one of the largest centers in the world for diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of people suffering from diseases of the nervous system. Here is a modern medical equipment. By means of it it is possible to pass such examinations as tomography, ultrasound of the head and many others.

Stages of the syndrome

There are several stages of dislocation syndrome. They are classified according to the Posner-Plam scheme:

1. Early stage of the dislocation syndrome. The person is conscious, but has signs of a dislocation syndrome. Such signs include the inhibition of reaction to external factors. Performing any action is slow. Sometimes there is a psychomotor agitation. The patient has narrow pupils, but they respond to flashbulbs. Muscles are in normal tone. However, sometimes there is increased tone. But the reaction to stimuli is observed. The muscles of the neck also have an increased tone. This leads to the development of stiff neck muscles. This leads to difficulty in moving the head in different directions, if it is thrown back.
2. Late stage of the dislocation syndrome. The person has depressed consciousness, narrowed pupils react to light. Muscle tone elevated. It should be said that the early and late stages are amenable to treatment. To do this, you need to get rid of the cause of the dislocation of the brain. In this regard, it is important to identify the cause of the disease at these two stages. The sooner a diagnosis is made, the higher the likelihood that a person will return to a healthy body. The state of the brain worsens if a person is in alcoholic intoxication. Since in this state a person has inadequate reactions, it is therefore impossible to correctly determine its symptoms.
3. The midbrain stage. The pupils of the patient are dilated. Their size is from 3 to 5 millimeters, they do not react to light. Sometimes it is possible to pulsate the pupils. Such a condition is called tekstalnym. Muscle tone has a decorative stiffness at rest. When stimulating the muscles, they acquire decerebrate rigidity.
4. Stage of dislocation syndrome of the lower sections of the bridge and upper parts of the medulla oblongata. Characterized by oppressed consciousness, sometimes coma, pupils, maximally narrowed, not responsive to light. Muscles are in a state of decay.
5. Stage of the medulla oblongata. The state of atonic coma, transcendental mediasis and lack of photoreaction. In this state, a person has atony, areflexia and agonal respiration. If a person is in a coma, then setting a nasogastric tube will provide nutrition to his body.

Basic views

Define the two main types of dislocation of the brain - lateral and axial. There are several important forms of the disease:

1. Dislocation of the cerebellum, or temporo-tentorial displacement. This problem arises from the tumor of the posterior cranial fossa and the edema of the brain. With this kind of dislocation, there is severe pain in the head, nausea, vomiting. Stopping of breathing and heart may also occur.
2. Dislocation of the temporal lobes into the aperture of the cerebellar nest, for example, under a large sickle-shaped process. At the person the intracranial pressure which is accompanied by a headache, a nausea and a lying position of the patient sharply raises.
3. Displacement of the cerebellum. The patient has the same symptoms in this state as when the temporal lobes are dislocated. Displacement of the medial parts of the parietal and frontal lobes.

Determine the form of the dislocation

The forms of dislocation are diagnosed by the totality of the patient's symptoms. A computer screening is also conducted, which helps to make an accurate diagnosis. The dislocation of the brain is a pathological condition.

The clinical condition of a person depends on which circulatory disturbances are present due to lesions of the wedging site and the symptoms of the disorder of the liquor circulation. Dislocations of the brain require careful examination. Sometimes they can be confused with other diseases. For example, the signs of intracranial hypertension are very similar to the dislocation symptoms.

Conclusion

In our article, the symptoms of brain diseases are rather extensively examined. Especially a lot of information about neurologic syndromes. As you can see, this is quite a serious ailment. We hope that the information in this article was helpful to you.