Damage to Bankart. Treatment of instability of the shoulder joint

Damage to the anterior part of the humerus is called Bankart injury. The lip of the shoulder performs a cushioning function, simultaneously fixing the bone in the humeral cavity. In cases where the lip breaks or breaks, the stability of the bone input decreases. This occurs against the background of a dislocation and inevitably leads to a breach of the stability of the shoulder joint as a whole.

Causes of appearance

There are two main causes of damage to the Bankart shoulder joint:

• Acute injuries;
• Prolonged physical activity.

At risk are athletes engaged in throwing the nucleus or track and field athletics. Golf lovers are prone to dislocations in the shoulder joints. Naturally, the risks are reduced if the training takes place under the watchful eye of experienced coaches.

Dislocation and rupture can occur with a fall on the arm or a strong blow to the shoulder. Strong rotational movements by hands and sudden lifting of weights - this can also cause damage to Bankart.

Strangely enough, but a sedentary lifestyle can also cause damage to the shoulder joint. Some diseases lead to the fact that the humerus lip weakens and Bankart's lesions occur (this may be arthrosis, tendonitis or osteoporosis).

Classification of pathology

Damage to the Bankart humerus is divided into three types:

1. The classic type. In this case, there is a complete separation of the joint lip from the cavity of the scapula. Usually, when a rupture is heard a characteristic click and immediately there are painful and uncomfortable sensations.
2. The second type is characterized by the absence of joint rupture. If this type of pathology is not treated, the disease will be aggravated and lead to more serious consequences.
3. The extreme type. In this case, in addition to the rupture, there is also a bone fracture. In this case, serious medical treatment is required.

Symptomatics

Damage to the Bankart shoulder joint is a shoulder injury with severe pain. Pain can be aching or intense. It all depends on the degree of damage and the severity of the rupture. The rupture of the joint lip can be partial or complete.

The main symptoms include:

• Painful sensations when the hand moves;
• The limb, as a rule, is poorly functioning;
• When bending the arm, characteristic clicks appear;
• The hand loses almost full working capacity.

Healing measures

Treatment of Bankart injury, if the joint and lip injuries are minor, can be carried out conservatively. Parallel to this, physiotherapy and fixation of the shoulder joint are used. Although it should be remembered that conservative treatment provides a positive prognosis for complete recovery only in 50% of cases. There is a high probability that in the future there will be instability in the operation of the shoulder joint.

Operative intervention

Surgical intervention can be open or with the help of arthroscopic surgery.

Restoration after arthroscopic surgery occurs much faster, muscle strength is better restored. However, the risk of relapse after such an operation is very high, when compared with open surgical operations.

Rehabilitation

The result of the treatment of Bankart's injury is more dependent on rehabilitation measures, even more than on the type of treatment. The main role in this is played by the choice of tactics of rehabilitation procedures. There are no special exercises for treatment, the rehabilitation program depends on many factors, in particular - the degree of pathology, neglect and methods of treatment of the disease. Although the programs that are used after surgery and conservative therapy are very similar.

The first stage of rehabilitation involves immobilization with the help of orthosis. The patient will have to reduce the range of movements of the injured shoulder by about 1-4 weeks. Fixing the shoulder allows to avoid the dislocation of the shoulder. If there are no pain sensations, then passive movements are allowed already from the fourteenth day of immobilization. The patient is then given an isometric exercise.

The second stage involves an increase in the number of passive movements, active exercises are gradually included. Then the program includes exercises aimed at strengthening the rotating cuff of the shoulder.

At the third stage, rehabilitation measures are aimed at restoring all movements in the shoulder joint. Dynamic exercises are used that increase the resistance of the shoulder.

The patient should understand that rehabilitation after damage to the joint lip is a lengthy procedure, but compliance with all the recommendations of the physiotherapist will gradually remove all the pain and restore the full mobility of the hand. In some cases, rehabilitation therapy lasts about twelve months. Weight lifting after rehabilitation is possible only after three months.