Certificates are what? Types of certificates. Issuance of certificates

Certification refers to actions aimed at obtaining confirmation of the declared quality of goods or services, according to established norms and requirements. After they are held and a positive evaluation is issued, the relevant document is issued. It has received the name "certificate". Issued can be (if the procedure was mandatory), it is only certain organizations that have been accredited. But certification is voluntary. Then it has the right to issue any organization that has decided to engage in this activity.

In this case, the activity is regulated by a special law on certification. Its subject is the products needed to sell on the market. A concrete list is approved by the government. In addition to products, obtaining a certificate may be required for services, jobs and other things. The mandatory procedure is confirmed by compliance in the form of declaration and certification, and voluntary - in voluntary certification.

The concept of

Thus, certificates are documents that certify the existence of necessary requirements in accordance with regulations, regulations and contractual conditions. They are issued in one copy. In Russia, a mandatory type of procedure is most often encountered, as a result of which a corresponding document and sign is issued. The latter is sold by the manufacturer or seller of the goods. The validity of the certificate is established by the body that issued it.

Objectives

For the obligatory type, state control is characteristic, which is implemented in accordance with the legislative framework. The main purpose here is to confirm the safety of life and health of people, the environment, as well as prevent damage to property.

A voluntary procedure is implemented at the request of manufacturers or sellers. In this case, the objectives are as follows:

• Achievement of a high level of competitiveness;
• Obtaining conditions for free trade both in Russia and abroad;
• consumer rights Protection;
• Certification in meeting product requirements;
• Assistance in the selection of works, services and products;
• Control over the safety of quality.

Let's consider more in detail obligatory and voluntary certificates. These are separate species and those that concern this institution as a whole.

Compliance document

When manufacturing products, the manufacturer himself issues a document, but not a certificate of conformity, but a declaration. Then for all the information that is contained in it, only the legal entity that produces the goods is liable. They can be both domestic and foreign producers. But in practice, such a certificate of conformity, or rather a declaration, is issued mainly in the European Union and the United States.

The receipt of a document in connection with the duty of the producer or seller mainly relates to goods and services that involve a high risk to the life and health of the consumer, as well as to the safety of the environment and property. In such cases, the procedure is implemented in laboratories specially designed for this purpose. Only with a positive conclusion and issuance of a document, organizations are given the right to issue or sell relevant products or provide services.

The same happens when the question arises about the properties of the product. The quality certificate in this case confirms the presence in it of all the characteristics that are claimed by the manufacturer and are required for the receipt of the document by the relevant body by law. This document may be issued as a result of a mandatory or voluntary procedure.

In the first case, it is shown that the product safety certificate attests to the availability of adequate quality to ensure human health. In addition, the goods can not cause damage to the environment or property.

Types of certificates

In addition to being voluntary and compulsory, there is another procedure for compliance with which the product or service is checked.

The so-called TR certificate is known , which means compliance with the technical regulations of the Customs Union. Having received such a document, the organization has the right to sell products on the territory of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. Basically it is a mandatory form.

The certificate of the RF TR means the confirmation of the technical regulations in force in the territory of Russia. This species is used less and less often. There are reasons to believe that it can disappear completely as superfluous.

Certificate GOST R and to this day is a common type, which establishes compliance with the requirements contained in regulatory documents.

Electronic certificates

This phrase means giving out a document not for a certain type of product or service, but for any of them through the World Wide Web. Due to the extensive use of the Internet, this service is very popular.

Electronic certificates are basically equivalent to paper documents. However, in order to save time and avoid paperwork, very often they are used by them. For identification it is usually enough to give your name or document number. According to these data in the organization for which the certificate was issued, they find it and continue to produce the same actions as if it had been presented in paper form.

Maternity certificate

The document is issued when the second child is born in the family. This right has been operating in Russia since 2007 and has already proved its worth. On it receive a certain lump sum payment. In 2015, it amounted to 453,026 rubles.

However, the maternity certificate can only be used for specific purposes. So, it is allowed to spend on improving living conditions, getting education for children, for mothers' pensions, buying necessary products for disabled children, and also for a car. The last right appeared quite recently.

Certificate of completion

After passing trainings or courses, usually documents that have such a name are issued. They are designed to show the owner of certain acquired skills and abilities. However, as a rule, these documents are not evidence of true knowledge. These certificates are issued by organizations of paper with seals, which can be called documents with a stretch. Suffice it to say that it will not be difficult to acquire them without training. It means that they have almost no value other than the one that they can boast of.

Universal gifts

Gift certificates are very useful. This is also a kind of documents that give the right basically to bearers to purchase for a certain amount or use services of the same nature.

It is very convenient in this century, when there are many kinds of goods and services. If you know that the gifted wanted to receive a specific gift, but you doubt in a particular model or service, then the best solution is to purchase a gift certificate.

Other documents

This type of certificate can be obtained at the credit institution. Then it is a security that is designed to store and increase the invested money. The certificate is a bank deposit. Its duration varies. Usually it varies from three months to five years. The document gives the right to the depositor after a certain period of time to receive the invested sum of money with the accrued interest.

Also, you can not ignore SSL certificates. They are offered on sites of a very different orientation. For example, with the help of it, it becomes possible to carry out certain financial transactions or conduct electronic commerce. Also with his help sometimes carry out a certain work on this or that site. This type of document, as a rule, does not imply the issuance of paper certificates and acts only on the Internet.

There is such a thing as a state housing certificate. According to him, a citizen becomes a participant in a special program, according to which a social payment for housing is required from the budget of the federation. In the usefulness of such a document, hardly anyone doubts. Got him for sure you can call a lucky beggar.

You can also find such a phrase as a digital security certificate. It means an electronic document that is confirmed by an EDS, that is an electronic-digital signature of the organization that issued it and / or, if it is registered, is certified by the owner.

Conclusion

Thus, it turns out that the certificate is needed by various organizations without fail to carry out their activities. But, in addition, companies may themselves be interested in it to promote products and services. Then they either pass the appropriate procedure voluntarily or issue certificates to consumers, realizing their offer.