Categories of driver's license. Explanation of the categories of driving licenses in Russia

Driving license categories are the type of transport to which the owner of this document is allowed to operate. To date, there are six basic and four additional categories. Also there are special versions that allow you to drive cars with a trailer.

Driving license category B allows you to drive cars. At the same time not allowing to operate buses or shuttles. For such modes of transport, there is a separate category of rights. The driver can drive only those vehicles whose types are listed in his certificate. If non-compliance with these requirements, he faces a fine of up to fifteen thousand rubles.

What is indicated on the driver's license?

The driver's license of the new type contains full information about their owner. The certificate is often used as a document to confirm the identity of the driver. It contains the following information:

• The initials of the driver.
• Place and date of birth.
• Validity of the certificate.
• Date of receipt of rights.
• The name of the organization that issued the certificate.
• Signature of the owner of the document.
• Number of rights.
• Photo of the owner.
• List of categories.
• Additional information - medical indications, blood type and so on.

On the driver's license all information is indicated in Cyrillic. If the letters of another alphabet are used, then the inscription is repeated in Latin script.

What do the driver's licenses look like?

Information on the certificate is placed on two sides. Personal information about the driver is located on the front of the document. On the reverse side, the categories of rights of a new sample are deciphered . Here, as a rule, specify those types of transport, the right to control which the driver has.

Front side

The name of the received document and the territory of the entity, whose organization issued the document, are noted at the top of it. On the left is a picture of the driver. It should be imprinted on it without headgear and glasses. The standard photo size is 3x4. If the owner has problems with vision, he can take a picture in glasses, but only with one condition: their lenses should not be toned. For people of certain religious beliefs, photographs are allowed in the headgear.

The driver signs out the photo when receiving the certificate. The left autograph must completely coincide with the one in the passport. On the right side of the rights are the driver's initials and the date of his birth. All data written in Russian, must be duplicated in Latin. Also on the right side is information about who issued the document, its series and number, area of residence of the driver. Below is information on the assigned category.

back side

In the left part of the rights is a barcode containing all the data about the driver. On the rest of the surface there is a table containing information about all categories. A special mark indicates those that are available to the driver. On the same side is the validity period of these categories. Additional special information is placed below the table. It is often indicated the driving experience.

New categories

In November 2013, the law "On Road Safety" was supplemented. According to the amendments introduced, the list of categories of driver's license has changed. It was supplemented by new subclasses. The list of driving license categories is presented below.

Category A

Driving license category A provides the ability to control conventional motorcycles. And also those models to which the wheelchair is screwed. In addition, it gives you the opportunity to drive motokolyaski. This is a fairly rare means of transportation today. According to the traffic rules, two-wheeled vehicles are considered to be motorcycles. They have or do not have a side trailer. Also, this category of rights allows you to drive a four-wheeled and three-wheeled vehicle, the mass of which is not more than 400 kg in a loaded condition.

Subcategory A1

Allows you to drive motorcycles equipped with engines of small volume and power. For drivers - holders of category A - riding on transport belonging to category A1 is available.

Category B

Cars, jeeps, minibuses and small trucks are transport, the management of which is permitted if there is a driver's license in this category. In addition, you can drive motorbikes and cars with a trailer. The mass of the latter should not be more than 750 kg. If the weight of the unit exceeds this figure, additional requirements are imposed on the vehicle:

1. The weight of a car without a load must not be less than the weight of the trailer.
2. 3.5 tons - the maximum permissible mass of the machine and trailer coupling.

To drive a vehicle with a heavy car, a person must have a driving license of the BE standard. Such machines are category B cars with a trailer the weight of which is greater than the mass of the machine or 750 kg. And also auto and trailer, the total weight of which exceeds 500 kg.

Subcategory B1

Driving license category B1 allows you to ride quadricycles and tricycles. Detailed information on transport related to this class is difficult to find. It is worth noting that the quadricycle and quad are different vehicles. Therefore, to ride the first, having only the right to the second, it is forbidden.

Category C

Managing medium and heavy goods transport and trucks with trailers weighing not more than 750 kilograms is allowed only with a driver's license of category C. At the same time, the weight of conventional vehicles ranges from 3,500 to 7,500 kilograms. Heavy - more than 7,500 kilograms. In the presence of category C, passenger cars and small trucks with a mass of not more than 3500 kg are prohibited.

The chauffeur is allowed to ride a truck with a trailer the weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms. But only if there is a driver's license for the subcategory of the CE. It includes vehicles with trailers weighing more than 750 kilograms.

Subcategory C1

The driver's license category C1 allows you to control the transport of cargo type. Its maximum mass varies from 3,500 to 7,500 kilograms. A light trailer can be attached to such cars, which weighs no more than 750 kg. If the driver has class C, then he has the right to ride on cars corresponding to subcategory C1.

Separately it is worth mentioning such categories of driver's license, as С1Е. Such rights give the driver the opportunity to drive a category C1 car equipped with trailers. At the same time, their maximum mass should not exceed 750 kilograms. Weight of freight transport and its trailer should not be more than 12 thousand kg. If there is a higher category of a driver's license for the CE, a person can drive a car belonging to the category C1E.

Category D

The management of buses, regardless of their weight, and buses with a trailer weighing not more than 750 kilograms is possible with a driver's license of category D. If you plan to move on a second type of transport of larger mass, then you need the rights of category DE. This category also includes buses, articulated among themselves.

Subcategory D1

Riding a small passenger bus with the number of seats from 9 to 16 is possible if there is a category of driver's license D1. Light trailers also belong to it. Their maximum weight does not exceed 750 kilograms. To manage buses with heavier trailers, category D1E is required.

It is worthwhile immediately to pay attention to the fact that the trailer must be only cargo, not passenger. Their total mass should not be more than 12 tons. Those drivers who have received category D rights can drive buses belonging to sub-category D1. And those who have the DE category can control machines of the D1E class.

Category E

To date, the categories of new driving licenses do not include category E. It has been replaced by the subclasses described above: BE, CE, DE, D1E, C1E. If the driver has the rights of category E, they can always be handed over. And in replacement receive a new identity with an updated digit.

Category M

Driving license category M was introduced relatively recently. It appeared in November 2013. According to this category, those drivers who got the right can drive light quad bikes and mopeds. At the same time, drivers who have the rights of any other category can drive at the wheel of such vehicles. However, for example, the certification of a tractor driver does not give the right to drive a moped.

Categories Tb and Tm

In 2016, new paragraphs of the SDA appeared, according to which the decoding of the categories of the new driver's license Tb and Tm corresponds to the right to manage trams and trolleybuses. Previously, both types of public transport did not stand out in separate classes. Information on the ability to manage such funds was recorded in a special section of the driver's license. These were special marks.

Replacement of driver's license

To obtain a new driver's license, the driver must apply to the traffic police department, providing the employees with the following documents:

1. Medical certificate.
2. Passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation.
3. Old driver's license.
4. A receipt confirming payment of the state duty. Last year the amount was 2000 rubles.
5. Photos 3x4.

All information is transferred to the new rights. They also note which categories of driver's license were opened in the old document. Also new bits are added to the fresh copy. If the driver has at least one category, he automatically opens the class M. New rights can be collected on the same day in which the documents were submitted. In addition, an application for the replacement of the certificate can be left on the public services website. You do not need to re-take the exam to get a new document.

What do you need to open a new driver's license?

In order to obtain a new or additional category of a driver's license, you must perform two procedures:

• Learn the rules of the road corresponding to the chosen category.
• Pass the exam.

Categories A, A1, B1 and M are issued only after passing a theoretical test, which in many ways resembles the transfer to category B. And also after passing the practical examination, reaching the age of sixteen for categories A1 and M and eighteen for A. The rights to passenger and freight Cars are issued only after the driver has reached the age of majority.

Training for the rights of categories B1 and C1 is carried out only for those who are over 18 years of age. For buses, trams and trolleybuses to obtain a certificate is much more difficult. It is issued only after the age of 21. Driving categories BE, CE and DE require a minimum of one year of transport management experience. Subcategories С1Е and D1E are given only if the driver has open previous digits - C, D, C1, D1.

In spite of the fact that new series of driving licenses were added to the SDA, the procedure for obtaining them was practically unchanged, having undergone only minor innovations. The main differences were age and length of service. For example, the new driver's license can indicate the type of transmission of the car. If there is no such mark on the driver's license, then the driver can be controlled both with a mechanical and an automatic checkpoint. Also, what the categories in the driver's license mean is not changed: all the information has remained the same.

Any citizen of the Russian Federation, who meets the requirements, can pass the exam for obtaining any of the above-described grades. Passage of theoretical and practical courses is carried out on the basis of driving schools. Many branches of the State Traffic Safety Inspectorate demand from drivers a certificate of completion of such an educational institution. The absence of such a document does not allow a potential driver to take an exam for a driving license.