Canadian pine is an evergreen coniferous tree with flat needles. Tsuga Canadian

Like many coniferous trees, the name of these pines has changed many times. The first representatives of the genus became known to botanists of Europe in the XVIII century. These were the Tsugi of North America. Approximately at the same time they received the name "Hemlock".

Description of Canadian pine

Canadian pine is an evergreen coniferous tree with flat needles. It is widely distributed in the eastern regions of North America. This family is Pine, genus Tsuga. As an ornamental plant, a tree is grown all over the world. The genus Tsuga has eighteen species, many of which are considered subspecies or varieties.

The Pine family is very diverse. It includes plants such as spruce, pine, cedar, larch, tsug, fir. As a rule, these are trees, although there are shrub forms. The Canadian pine is always a tree, but its shape and height vary considerably not only in different species, but also within one.

It is an evergreen, tall and slender tree with a conical crown, which over the years becomes more uneven and broad, with thin hanging shoots, with bark covered with deep furrows. In old trees it is colored brown. Young - dark brown or reddish, scaly. The average height is 25 meters. Tsuga Canadian, description and care of which we are considering, is very similar to the Karolinsky variety, differs from it by narrower and smaller cones.

Needles

Canadian pine has fine and flat needles, the length of which is up to 1.5 cm. It is slightly blunted, shiny, painted in dark green color, tapers at the top. A longitudinal groove runs along the center. From the bottom, it has a slightly protruding keel and narrow strips. On the shoots there is a comb.

Cones

They are oval, small, not more than two centimeters in length, painted in a brownish-gray color. As a rule, cones on the tree are hanging, ripening in the first year. When fully ripe they do not disintegrate, only the next year they fall off.

Seeds

They are smaller than other coniferous trees. Clear resin glands are clearly visible on the surface. The plant multiplies by seeds and cuttings.

Primary requirements

Like all coniferous trees, the tsuga is demanding for the fertility of the soil and moisture. It does not tolerate dryness, dry air. Usually he does not tolerate a transplant. It grows quite slowly, so there is no need for pruning. In summer, the young Canadian pine needs regular and abundant watering in the garden. It is advisable to plant these trees near water bodies, but not in marshy soil with stagnant moisture.

Soil preparation

Planting (transplanting) of the plant is carried out only with a well-protected and compact earthen lump. For active development and good growth, the seedlings require a moist and slightly acidic soil, fertile. Stagnation of water is not allowed, which can lead to decay of roots and death of a young plant.

Canadian pine prefers a soil mixture consisting of leaf land and sand in a ratio of 2: 1. Slow down development on calcareous soils.

Landing

It is best to plant at the end of April or from the end of August to the first days of October. When planting, it is necessary to maintain the distance between the seedlings from 80 to 150 cm. The pit should be about 75 cm deep. The root neck can not be buried - it should be at the ground level. Take care of good drainage to prevent moisture stagnation. For this you can use rubble, coarse sand, expanded clay. The drainage layer must be at least fifteen centimeters.

When planting, add to the soil substrate "Kemir Universal" at the rate of two hundred grams per plant. Preliminary, the fertilizer must be thoroughly mixed with the soil excavated from the pit. Young plants need phosphorus. During the first six months after planting, it is necessary to feed the young plant with phosphorus fertilizers. In the future, the Canadian pine can do without them. The fallen pine needles rot and enrich the soil with organic matter.

Watering

The Canadian pine is hygrophilous, it needs regular watering: a bucket of water once a week for every plant older than ten years. Since the tree does not tolerate dry air, it should be moistened from the hose at least once a month, and in hot, dry summers, more frequent spraying is recommended - two to three times a week. Young plantings mulch a peat layer (about five centimeters).

Preparing for winter

These coniferous trees older than two years are winter-hardy, but in annual shoots frost can damage the ends. The first two years, young seedlings should be sheltered for the winter. Usually it is done after 10th November by lapnik and peat. In spring, peat should be scraped off from the trunks. Do not worry if in winter the needles turn red from frost - this will not harm the plant.

Does the Canadian wave grow in the suburbs?

Yes, only this variety is grown in the Moscow region. It is frost-resistant and shade-tolerant. Most of the specimens are distinguished by dwarfish growth and highly branching branches. One of the first in our market appeared brand Jedelloh - dwarf weed Canadian. Description and care (rules) can be found in publications on landscape design, although the basics we have considered. For twenty years the plant reaches a height of not more than one meter. The cap with light-green needles looks very beautiful, it hangs picturesquely, and with a funnel, located on the vertex.

Now there are about a dozen other varieties suitable for cultivation in the Moscow region: Bennett, Cole's Prostrate, Pendula and others.

Tsuga Canadian in landscape design

Thanks to the graceful crown, slender habit, flowing branches, small cones, color and shape of the crown, the tzuga is a beautiful ornamental plant. It can be used in group and solitary planting, for stony areas (suitable creeping and dwarf varieties), to design areas near the reservoirs. It is used for park, alley plantings and hedges. Today, in Canada, Canadian cane is rarely used in the greening of cities.

Reproduction

Like most coniferous plants, the shrub propagates with seeds and cuttings. Full-value seeds ripen only in trees older than twenty years. In addition, during planting, no more than half of all seeds germinate.

Approximately the same result is given and attempts to propagate by propagation by cuttings, but it can be slightly improved by using a root growth stimulant.

Industrial applications

Tsuga Canadian from ancient times was valued for its bark, which is the source of tannins. It is used in the leather industry. In addition, the bark is used in the production of natural red-brown dyes for leather and wool, making baskets.

Large-scale and uncontrolled collections of the cortex led to a significant reduction of the forest massifs. The decline in tannin production in the United States at the beginning of the last century due to a shortage of raw materials and forced producers to look for alternative plant sources.

In veterinary medicine

Essential oil, obtained when steaming needles and branches of hair, is used to prepare ointments that are successfully used in veterinary medicine. They have wound-healing properties.

In medicine

Essential oils have antiseptic, antibacterial, diaphoretic, astringent and diuretic properties. They have antitussive and expectorant actions, relieve fatigue. In addition, preparations containing essential oil of needles can be used in the treatment of asthma, various infections, muscle or headache, stress.

Perfume and cosmetic and food industries

Canadian essential oil is used (especially in the United States) for creating perfume compositions that are part of household air fresheners for housing, soaps, detergents, bath preparations, etc.

Tsugi oil is used for flavoring of soft drinks, ice cream, chewing gum. Kidney plants (tipsy) are part of the exquisite herbal teas and even the original beer.