Benzylpenicillin sodium salt: instructions for use. Application rules

In this article, we will talk about a preparation such as "Benzylpenicillin sodium salt." Instructions for use, indications, dosage and recommendations for use will be covered in the article. In addition, we will consider the pharmacological properties of the drug, the possible side effects and interaction of the drug with other medicines.

Total information

The drug is an antimicrobial agent and an antibiotic belonging to the group of penicillins. The benzylpenicillin sodium salt itself, the instructions for use of which will be presented below, is produced by various mold fungi.

Medicines of this group are used for intramuscular injection, exposure to various tissues and organs in which blood supplies a small amount of penicillin. To the drug began to affect the brain and spinal cord, as well as the meninges, it is administered subarachnoidally.

Benzylpenicillin sodium salt, instructions for use: pharmacological action

The drug is effective against Gram-positive microorganisms, which include:

• Staphylococci;
• Streptococci;
• Pneumococci;
• Causative agents of diphtheria ;
• Sticks of anthrax;
• Aerobic (surviving and in the absence of oxygen) spore-forming sticks.

In addition, the drug is active against gram-negative cocci (meningococcus, gonococcus), spirochetes, actinomycetes and a number of other microorganisms. Ineffective benzylpenicillin sodium salt against viruses, rickettsia, fungi, protozoa.

Resistant to the drug strains of staphylococci, which are able to produce an enzyme penicillinase, decomposing benzylpenicillin. The drug exhibits low activity in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, intestinal bacteria and other microorganisms that are capable of isolating penicillinase in various amounts.

Pharmacokinetics

With intramuscular injection, the drug quickly enters the blood, from where it is delivered to other body fluids and tissues. As for cerebrospinal fluid, a small amount of benzylpenicillin penetrates there. The highest concentration of the substance in the blood after its introduction intramuscularly occurs after 30-50 minutes. If the drug has been injected subcutaneously, the rate of absorption will decrease and the greatest amount of substance in the blood will be observed in an hour.

Three hours after the injection (subcutaneous or intramuscular), only traces of benzylpenicillin remain in the blood. Therefore, in order to maintain a high concentration of the drug in the body for a long time, it is necessary to inject every four hours.

When the drug is injected intravenously, its concentration rapidly decreases. And when administered orally, benzylpenicillin is destroyed by the action of penicillinase (enzyme) and gastric juice.

The drug is excreted in the urine.

Indications

Should be carefully studied before the appointment of a drug such as benzylpenicillin sodium salt, instructions for use, dose and indications for use. Let's start with the latter. So, the drug is prescribed:

• With diseases of the lungs and respiratory tract;
• Severe septic diseases;
• Septic endocarditis;
• Sepsis;
• Infections and infected wounds of soft tissues, skin and mucous membranes;
• Burns;
• Inflammation of the spinal cord and brain, cerebral membranes;
• Purulent pleurisy;
• Peritonitis;
• Cystitis;
• Pyemia and septicemia;
• Osteomyelitis;
• Diphtheria;
• Scarlet fever;
• Gonorrhea;
• Erysipelas inflammation;
• Blennoree in newborns;
• Anthrax;
• Syphilis;
• Actinomycosis;
• Various gynecological inflammations;
• Inflammatory diseases of the throat, ear and nose.

Terms of use and dosage

Depending on the diagnosis, a different therapy can be administered using the benzylpenicillin sodium salt. The instructions for use, the route of administration and the possible dosages will be discussed in this section.

The course of treatment with a drug can last, depending on the disease, from 4 weeks to 2 months and even more. The drug can be administered in the following ways:

• Intramuscularly in the outer upper gluteal quadrant. The drug is diluted before administration in distilled water, a solution of novocaine or sodium chloride.
• Intravenous - only with such severe diseases as meningitis, septic endocarditis, sepsis, etc. The drug is injected every 4 hours or by continuous drip method - 30 drops per minute for 6-12 hours.
• Endoluminally benzylpenicillin sodium salt may also be administered. Instruction for use (method of application) provides for this method for inflammation of the spinal cord and brain, including the membranes of the brain. The drug is administered very slowly - 1-2 minutes.
• There are cases when benzylpenicillin is used to cut inflammatory foci. For example, with actinomycosis, leishmaniasis of the skin, chronic pyoderma and other infectious skin diseases.
• With the help of inhalations - for the treatment and prevention of lung and respiratory diseases. To do this, mix benzylpenicillin with a solution of sodium chloride or distilled water. Inhaled no more than 2 times a day. One procedure lasts from 10 to 30 minutes.
• The drug is also injected into the pleural or abdominal cavity with purulent pleurisy or peritonitis.
• In the form of washes, ointments, moist dressings, lotions and powders - for burns, soft tissue injuries, osteomyelitis, etc.
• Also, a solution of the drug is used in the treatment of ENT diseases and in ophthalmology.

Benzylpenicillin can be used in therapy with other antibiotics and sulfonamide preparations. In this case, the drug will enhance the therapeutic effect of the drugs used.

Side effects

Can also have a negative impact of benzylpenicillin sodium salt. Instruction for use notes that most often they occur with intravenous administration of the drug.

In general, side effects are associated with allergic reactions to the drug. Among the unfavorable symptoms are:

• Candidiasis;
• hives;
• temperature increase;
• headache;
• chills;
• Pain in the joints;
• Angioedema;
• Eosinophilia;
• Various types of dermatitis;
• fever;
• Lymphadenopathy;
• Anaphylactic shock - in very rare cases.

Contraindications

Not all patients can be treated with a drug benzylpenicillin sodium salt. Instructions for use and the rules for the administration of the drug provide for a number of contraindications. Among them:

• Such allergic diseases as hives, hay fever, bronchial asthma, etc .;
• Hypersensitivity to penicillin derivatives;
• Unusual reaction to medicines;
• Resistance of the causative agent to the standard dose of benzylpenicillin.

The introduction of the drug with an endolumbar capable is forbidden for epilepsy.

Pregnancy and lactemia

It is prescribed during pregnancy only if the benefit of treatment for a woman will exceed the potential risk for her unborn child. Otherwise, the drug is not prescribed. The ratio of risk and effectiveness is determined by the attending physician.

If it is necessary to take the drug during breastfeeding, it is recommended to stop feeding.

Properties

The drug substance benzylpenicillin sodium salt has the form of a white, fine-grained powder with a bitter taste that dissolves readily in the liquid.

The drug is easily destroyed by acids, alkalis, oxidizers, penicillinase enzyme, and also by heating. Preparing the drug is necessary immediately before administration.

Precautionary measures

The drug is administered only in a hospital setting as directed by the doctor and under his supervision. When passing the therapy, it should be remembered that an insufficient dose of benzylpenicillin or early completion of treatment can lead to the formation of resistant strains of microorganisms. When there is resistance to the drug, treatment continues with other antibiotics.

With a tendency to allergic reactions, a benzylpenicillin sodium salt is administered together with antihistamines. Instructions for use (the effect of the drug in it is prescribed in particular detail) informs that when a patient develops allergic manifestations, therapy is immediately stopped.

In certain groups of patients (elderly people, newborns, weakened by diseases), immunity to benzylpenicillin may occur, which causes the development of superinfection.

With prolonged use of the antibiotic, the intestinal microflora may be suppressed or partially destroyed, which leads to a decrease in the production of B vitamins. Therefore, for prophylactic purposes, patients are often prescribed vitamins B1, B12, etc.

If after the start of therapy for 3 days, no effect was seen, then it is necessary to switch to a combination treatment or to prescribe a new antibiotic.

special instructions

Caution is prescribed for people with heart failure and impaired renal function of benzylpenicillin sodium salt. Instructions for use also recommend special attention to those patients who have a hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.

Because of the possibility of the occurrence of fungal superinfections, it is recommended to prescribe antifungal agents.

Interaction with other drugs

When administered with those antibiotics that have a bacteriostatic effect, the bactericidal action of benzylpenicillin itself is reduced.

The drug "Probenecid" has the property to reduce the tubular secretion of the antibiotic, which leads to an increase in the level of the latter in the blood and, as a result, an increase in the time of its excretion from the body.