Bacterial pear burn: treatment. Diseases of the pear

Pear is one of the most common garden trees, which is highly valued by truck farmers because of tasty and useful fruits. However, this cultural plant, like all others, is subject to a wide variety of diseases. One of the most formidable is a bacterial pear burn. Treatment can be long enough and not give a proper result, especially if using universal remedies against bacterial infections. Often gardeners lose a lot of time for these useless manipulations, and when they understand what they are dealing with, it's too late to save the tree.

What is a bacterial burn?

Many gardeners do not know how to recognize this terrible disease, which is why they lose a lot of time, and yet there is less chance to save the tree. Among such ailments, the most dangerous is the bacterial burn of a pear. Treatment depends on how quickly the correct diagnosis is made, and whether there are other trees nearby that can be infected. To date, experts have made great efforts to find an effective means to combat it, however, despite this, the disease continues to actively destroy the gardens.

The first time a bacterial burn was recorded in the eighteenth century. Approximately 150 years later, the disease spread throughout the continent. Now it is found all over the world, regularly devastating the gardens. All ground parts of the plant affect the bacterial burn of the pear. Treatment should be started at the earliest stages, otherwise it may prove ineffective.

Symptoms

What does a bacterial burn look like? The process begins in the inflorescences and quickly covers the entire tree. There is a defeat of branches and shoots. In the springtime, you will observe how the disease slows the opening of the kidneys, which turn black, wither, but do not fall off, but keep on the branches. If the disease struck the tree at the time of flowering, it will also darken and wither flowers. Little twigs and leaves will slowly begin to stain, they are crowded, but they remain in their place. That is why the disease is called "anthony fire". The pear stands, as if burnt, black, lifeless, but with all the flowers, fruits and leaves.

Then the infection moves along the trunk. Asking how to treat a bacterial pear burn can already be late at this stage, but it is worth trying to save the rest of the garden so that other trees do not suffer the same fate. At this stage, you can observe how the bark softens. Milk-white drops appear on it, they are called exudate. The bark around the selection site acquires a characteristic pattern, red-brown streaks appear on it. Those tissues that are already infected with the infection begin to exfoliate, become blistered. On the tree ulcers are formed.

Causes

So, what causes a bacterial burn of a pear? Treatment can be successful only when we know exactly what we are dealing with. The causative agent of the infection are the bacteria Erwinia amylovora. They spread from the diseased tree to the healthy one, and the increased humidity and moderate air temperature are the most favorable factors for the development of the infection. However, there is no age limit for the spread of the disease.

Diseases of young pears occur as often as the ailments of old fruit trees. The exudate mentioned above forms thin threads, which are easily transferred to the wind. It is he who transmits the causative agents of the disease, which means that the disease quickly affects everything around. The most convenient for the development of infection are flowers, in them it develops and continues its way throughout the tree. That is, spring is the time when the risk of infection is greatest.

Less often the infection enters the plant with the help of rain. Bacteria survive the winter inside the pear, and with the advent of spring they resume their development. By the middle of summer you will see a milky-white drop out. That is, the cycle is repeated again. Very rarely, infection occurs during vaccination or through trimming tools. Infection can also transmit insects, aphids, bees, flies and wasps.

Prevention

To protect the pear from bacterial burn, you must follow certain rules. First of all, it is necessary to maintain cleanliness on the site, to pull out all wild plants. This is especially true of hawthorn, which is often the focus of infection. It is very important to produce fruit crops in time, since insect pests love a tree like a pear. Diseases of the leaves - this is not the only trouble they suffer. On their bristles, they easily enter into your garden and germs of a bacterial burn.

Treatment

Experts suggest several ways that can be used to combat this disease. Each of them is tested countless times and is quite effective. At the same time, they all have their pros and cons, so you need to weigh the perceived risk and benefit well. We offer to your attention three ways that help to cure a bacterial burn.

Radical method of disease control

If you have a lot of fruit trees growing on the site, and one of them you notice rapidly developing symptoms of the disease, it is best to get rid of it quickly. So you will protect the rest of the garden. If the lesion area is less than 30%, then you can try to remove all affected areas, cut even a healthy tissue 20-40 cm below the lesion. Then it is necessary to perform tooling treatment with 70% alcohol or 10% copper sulfate.

Be sure, if you notice in your garden signs of a bacterial burn, remove all wild plants and shrubs, and also treat the garden of pests to avoid further spread of the infection.

Treatment with antibiotics

This is the most effective method, which is most often recommended for use by specialists. In order to get rid of this scourge, the most common "Streptomycin" is used. And the most effective is the use of antibiotics during the growing season. This drug can be bought in a conventional veterinary pharmacy, while large bottles of 500 thousand units. Very accessible.

With a minor lesion, you can use "Streptomycin". Dosage - one ampoule per 5 liters, it is enough to handle a dozen young trees. The best time for this procedure is May, June. At this time, shoots grow rapidly, and such treatment will be an excellent prevention. Repeat the procedure is in 2-3 weeks, and after every heavy rain, especially with hail.

It is not recommended to use "Streptomycin" more than 3 times in a row. Therefore, after several treatments, they switch to stimulants of immunity - "Fitosporin", "Immunocytophyte", "Silk", "Zircon" and many other drugs. In addition, for the next treatment, you can take 2 tablets of any tetracycline from the veterinary pharmacy. It should also be dissolved in 5 liters of water.

With a severe lesion, you can try injecting "Streptomycin" under the bark. To do this, choose the most affected place, cut it out, and then do ordinary injections around it.

Chemical treatments

Today in stores you can be offered a wide range of universal, antibacterial drugs that can often help if a pear is infected. Diseases of leaves, fruits, various pests - all these are problems that are solved quite easily. However, a bacterial burn is a slightly separate case.

Modern fungicides, except medesoderzhaschih, almost do not affect its pathogens, which means that such treatment will yield little. Many gardeners use the Bordeaux mixture. The treatment is performed after the fall leaves, then in the early spring and several more times until the fruit is poured. However, this remedy can only be used for prevention. If the infection has already spread, then it remains only to cut out the affected areas and try to save the rest of the tree. The dead plants or individual branches must be burned.

Other Common Diseases

However, a bacterial burn is not the only trouble for gardeners. Now let's look at what other pear leaf diseases exist and how to fight them. A common scab is the scab. It is a bacterial disease that affects leaves, flowers and fruits. The leaves crumble, the fruits crack. The ailment can also lead to the defeat of shoots, but then it is better to remove them. Scab, fruit rot - a disease of the pear fruit, which is quite amenable to treatment. Rot appears on fruits in the form of brownish spots on the surface.

To combat scab use multiple spraying of the Bordeaux mixture and copper chlorooxide. Begin the treatment before flowering. The second time to perform this procedure is recommended during ovary buds, then after flowering and two weeks after it. Against the fruit rot will require a stronger tool - the universal fungicide "Inta-Vir".

What else should be protected fruit tree (pear)? Diseases, which are the most dangerous, you need to know in time to take the necessary measures. Mildew is another extremely serious disease. Shoots, leaves, flowers - everything is affected by the spores of this parasite fungus. Infected parts of plants are deformed, the ovary falls off. In this case, the fungus perfectly tolerates even the harshest winters.

To prevent and treat powdery mildew, use "Fundazol" or "Sulphite". It should be borne in mind that the fungus is excellent in wet weather, so it is better to do several treatments. A mixture of antibiotics: "Penicillin", "Streptomycin" and "Terramycin" in a ratio of 1: 1 helps a lot from mildew. Often on pears you can see rust, bright brown spots on the leaves and fruits. Against this disease it is necessary to use a solution of the Bordeaux liquid.

Major Pests

Choosing what to treat the pear, it is good to include in the mixture at the same time and a means against insect pests. They also cause considerable damage, in addition, they are carriers of various bacterial diseases. It is a butterfly-hawthorn and brown fruit mite, eastern moth and gall mite, pear-shaped itch, pearfly and pear-pipe, as well as many others. In order to protect yourself from all these misfortunes, it is enough to treat the garden with a systemic insecticide, such as "Decis", "Calypso" or "Biskaya".

Let's sum up the results

Diseases such as bacterial burn, powdery mildew, fruit rot, rust can quickly bring to nothing all the lush work in the garden. It is necessary to carry out preventive treatment on a regular basis, and if necessary, apply measures for rapid and effective treatment. All the above means and methods are repeatedly tested, their effectiveness is proven, so you can use them without doubt in your summer cottage. A universal scheme is a preventive treatment in the fall, after a fall leaf, then in the spring, immediately after waking, then after flowering. Usually this is enough to make the garden happy for you all year round.