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Alexei Yakovlevich Kapler: life story and biography

Kapler Alexei Yakovlevich - Soviet screenwriter, actor, director and TV host. He was born into the family of a wealthy Jewish businessman and, contrary to the will of his father, began to perform on the theatrical stage. He was destined to become the first lover of Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva and the last love of the talented poetess Julia Drunina. His "Kinopanorama" was one of the most popular television programs of Soviet television, and the films he worked on are masterpieces of Russian cinema.

Birth and family

Alexei Yakovlevich Kapler was born on September 28, 1903 (according to other sources - 1904) in Kiev, in a rich Jewish family. At birth, he was given the name Lazarus, but later he changed it. The father of the boy was the famous Kiev tailor Yakov Naftalievich Kapler. In his studio, located on the Passage, dressed all the high society of the Ukrainian capital. Kapler virtuously sewed outfits of any complexity. His models received major prizes at international exhibitions. In addition to the studio, Yakov Naftalievich owned one of the best in Kiev bathhouse, where you could not only sweat, but also swim in the pool or take a shower Charcot. In the property of the enterprising tailor were also the retail premises that he rented, the hotel "Zion" and even a small synagogue.

A passion for theater

Yakov Kapler and his wife Raisa Zakharyevna hoped that Lazar would follow in the footsteps of his father and continue the family business. However, the business concerned their son a little. Even in the gymnasium, he seriously became interested in theatrical art and began to dream of an acting profession. Together with friends, he ran away from the lessons and, hiding behind the bushes growing on the banks of the Dnieper, Alexei Yakovlevich Kapler rehearsed the plays. Children were carried away by acting so much that in 1917, right after the revolution, they founded their own small theater called "Harlequin". The tailor's son by that time had already changed his name and turned into Alexei. With the best friends of childhood Grishka Kozintsev and Sergei Yutkevich, who later became famous figures of Soviet cinema, Alexei Kapler showed the audience puppet shows based on Pushkin's poems.

The first steps on the stage

Beginning litsedey understood that in Kiev they will not be able to achieve the popularity they dream about, so they soon decided to move to Petrograd. Here in 1921, Kapler, Yutkevich and Kozintsev founded the Eccentric Actor Factory (FEKS), which was soon joined by Leonid Trauberg. The performances in the newly created theater radically differed from the classical productions. Representations of Kiev actors, filled with humor, circus tricks and pop numbers, brought the audience into a stormy rapture.

Kapler Alexey: acting and directing

After working for several years in the FACS, Lusya Kapler (as Alexei called close friends) managed to star in two films. In the "Devil's Wheel", created in 1926, he got an episodic and almost inconspicuous role. In the same year, the young actor played the Significant Face in Gogol's "Overcoat". Having finished work on the film, Kapler was disappointed in the acting profession. He wanted to create a movie on his own, and not to repeat the texts of roles written by strangers.

In 1927, he moved to Odessa and worked as an assistant to the famous director A. Dovzhenko in the film "Arsenal." However, Alexey Yakovlevich Kapler, ambitious, could not walk for a long time in the assistants. In 1930, he directed his first film, "The Right to a Woman", as director, and the following year his second film, "Mine 12-28", was released. But Ljusju Kaplera waited bitter disappointment: the Soviet authority has forbidden to display both its director's works. At the same time, the film "The Right to a Woman" was declared decadent because its main character threw her husband, who prevented her from studying at the institute.

The arrival of success

After the banning of films, Alexei Yakovlevich Kapler did not lose his hand. Biography of his testifies that he was a man of purpose and rarely really disheartened. Having failed in directing, Kapler began to master the profession of a screenwriter. In this field, Alexei Yakovlevich expected an unprecedented success. For his screenplays for the films "Lenin in October" and "Lenin in 1918" in 1941, he was awarded the prestigious Stalin Prize. Subsequently, Kapler became one of the most famous Soviet writers. He worked on such films as "Kotovsky", "Behind the Showcase of a Department Store," "Striped Flight," "Amphibian Man," "Blue Bird," and so on.

The beginning of the war, acquaintance with Svetlana Alliluyeva

In the 1930s, a huge number of representatives of the Soviet intelligentsia suffered from the Stalinist repressions , but they did not touch on Capler. Having received a prestigious government award, he became one of the few who could be called a darling of fate. But this did not last long. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Alexei Yakovlevich went to the front as a military correspondent. In November 1942, he returned to Moscow and was invited by Stalin's son Vasily to a party timed for the anniversary of the October Revolution. At the celebration was present 16-year-old daughter of the leader of all nations Svetlana Alliluyeva. The screenwriter, who by that time was already 39 years old, fell in love with the girl without memory, and she answered him in kind. However, it was not easy to meet the daughter of such a high-ranking person. Sveta never left the house unaccompanied, and the writer had to take her to exhibitions, movies and museums under the supervision of guards.

For the young Alliluyeva, the affair with Kapler was the first serious feeling for which she was ready to sacrifice everything she had. Before Alexei Yakovlevich, before the meeting with Svetlana, there was one official and two civil marriages behind her. In 1921-1930 he was married to actress Tatiana Tarnovskaya. From this marriage, his son Anatoly grew up. After the divorce, he lived for a while with his colleague in the shop Tatiana Zlatogorova, then was in a relationship with the actress Galina Sergeyeva. But at least for Kapler and the glory of the hero-lover, he really loved the daughter of Stalin. He loved this humble and educated girl very much, and he could not do anything about his feelings.

Arrest

Kapler Alexei Yakovlevich and Svetlana Alliluyeva did not notice the difference in age and felt unlimitedly happy. Their rare visits were completely innocent, but Stalin, learning about his daughter's grown-up boyfriend, was furious. On his orders in 1943, Kapler was arrested and charged with espionage in favor of Great Britain. On a fabricated case, he was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment and sent to serve punishment in Vorkuta. Svetlana also received a big pang from her father, and a year later she married a friend of her brother Grigory Morozov. For all her life, Svetlana had 5 official husbands, but she did not remember any of them in memoirs with such warmth as her first beloved Capler.

Prison life, love of Valentina Tokarska

In Vorkuta, Alexei settled fairly well. The prison director sympathized with the famous cinematographer and allowed him to leave the boundaries of the city colony. Alexei Yakovlevich Kapler worked in a local darkroom, and in his spare time he wrote and pondered a lot about life. In Vorkuta, he met a well-known Soviet actress Valentina Tokarskaya, who was serving a sentence for being captured by the Germans at the beginning of the war and agreed to cooperate with them in order to survive. Being in exile, the writer invited her to marry him and received consent in return. Tokarskaya brightened the prison days of Alexei Yakovlevich and even pulled him out of the loop when, at the moment of greatest despair, he tried to put his hands on himself.

In 1948 the term of the conclusion of Kapler ended. He was strongly advised not to return to Moscow and stay away from Alliluyeva. Aleksei Yakovlevich did not even think about looking for meetings with Stalin's daughter, but decided to go to the capital to go to Kiev to visit his parents. As soon as he was in Moscow, he was again arrested and sent to a camp located in the village of Inta for another trumped-up case. This time, Kapler did not have any indulgences. Together with the rest of the prisoners, he worked hard in the mine. And only love for Valentina Tokarska, who was left in Vorkuta, helped him to survive at that difficult time. Corresponding with his beloved woman, he believed that there would come a day when they could be reunited forever.

Meeting with Julia Drunina

In 1953, Joseph Stalin died, and Kapler, like most people who were not welcome to him, was released ahead of schedule. Turned to freedom and Tokarska. Arriving in Moscow, the lovers applied to the registry office and soon became official spouses. Alexei Yakovlevich again began writing scripts, his wife was invited to appear in a movie. But happiness in their family did not come. In 1954, 50-year-old Capler was invited to teach at the Higher Courses of Scriptwriters at the USSR Union of Cinematographers. One of his students was a young but already well-known poet Julia Drunina. Both at the time of their acquaintance were not free and for a long time they tried to fight against the feelings that suddenly arose on them. But love won, and in 1960, divorcing his second half, Alexei Kapler and Julia Drunina got married.

The whole of Moscow was talking about the novel of the screenwriter and poetess. The lovers did not conceal their feelings from anyone, did not get tired to admit to each other in love, and appeared at all social events together. Drunina devoted a lot of wonderful poems to her husband, and he wrote his best scenes during the years she lived with her.

Work in the frame

In 1966 Alexei Yakovlevich Kapler came to work as a TV presenter in the program "Kinopanorama" (photo from below). He favorably differed from his colleagues in the shop. Charming, bright and charismatic, Kapler never read the text on a piece of paper and did not make a serious face in front of the camera. He improvised, said what he thought, and was not afraid to ask guests in the studio not entirely convenient questions. Alexei Yakovlevich became the favorite presenter for millions of Soviet people. His "Kinopanorama" was watched even by those who were little interested in cinema. He was the permanent presenter of the program until 1972.

Death

Alexey Kapler and Yulia Drunina lived in marriage for 19 years. Unfortunately, they did not have common children. The last years of his life the scriptwriter suffered from an oncological disease, from which he died on September 11, 1979, less than a month before his next birthday. Alexei Yakovlevich was buried in the territory of the Starokrymsky cemetery, located on the Kuzgun-Burun hill in the Crimea. Here is the grave of Julia Drunina, who died in 1991.

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