Alexander Alekhin: parties, photo, biography

Alexander Aleksandrovich Alekhin is a chess theoretic theorist, 4th chess champion in the world history, doctor of law and just a wonderful person with a bright tragic fate. The life of Alexander Alexandrovich was not easy, it was filled with a variety of events. He survived the war, suffered more than one wound, served an unjustified term in prison, escaped execution and changed many countries.

After many years from the day of his death, the fourth king of chess is still one of the unsurpassed world-class attackers. The parties held by him were famous for their complex combination strategies. From the point of view of traditional chess schools, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Alekhine was a follower of Mikhail Chigorin and an absolute antipode to Jose Capablanca, who preceded him on the playing throne. As one can not understand the position of AA Alekhin about the style of the game was expressed by words that he willingly combines strategy with tactics, position and combination, and science with fiction, while trying to satisfy the requirements for each listed position.

Alexander Alekhin is a chess player. Biography of the grandmaster from birth to maturity

In October 1892, in the family of the noble leader Alexander Ivanovich Alekhin and the daughter of the textile worker Anisya Prokhorova, a son was born, named after his father. In 1901, Alekhine, Jr. became a student of the classical gymnasium named after LI Polivanov in Moscow. Having successfully completed it, the talented Sasha in 1910 passes the entrance exams to the School of Law in the city on the Neva, where, after graduation, he becomes the owner of the titular adviser to the captain.

The first successes in the chess game

Alyokhin Alexander Alexandrovich began to get involved with chess from the age of seven, he not only played at an amateur level with his family members, but also took part in dozens of professional correspondence tournaments. The 16th anniversary of the boy was marked by a triumph at the All-Russian tournament dedicated to the memory of Mikhail Chigorin. Five years later in 1914 Alekhine took the third place in the tournament of champions, which immediately turns him into the main candidate for the title of world champion.

Alexander Alekhine (biography). Military time, repression

The war brought Alexander Alexandrovich a wound, a contusion, the Order of St. Svyatoslav with swords and two St. George medals.

Tragic for the chess player was in 1919. During a tour of Ukraine Alekhine was arrested and sentenced for alleged contacts with the White Guards for execution. He managed to escape execution and prison term only thanks to the petition of Kh. G. Rakovsky, who at that time was the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Ukraine. In the same year 1919, the future champion successfully passed the entrance exams to the State Studio of Cinema, but, after not having completed his studies there, in 1920 he became an employee of the capital's criminal investigation department, and in the autumn re-qualified as an interpreter of the Comintern. Successes in the field of profession and education Alekhin Alexander Alexandrovich successfully combines with a hobby, and soon wins the title of chess champion of Soviet Russia. The chess player is also not deprived of attention by the women, his private life is bubbling. In 1921 Alyokhin took an active Swiss democrat Anne-Lisa Ryugg into his wife, and, although the marriage was not a long one, he was the best contributor to the changes in Alekhin's fate. 1921 - this is the year when AA Alekhin emigrates from Russia.

The foreign period. Records and wins

For a short period from 1921 to 1927 Alekhine Alexander Alexandrovich manages to take part in 22 tournaments, 14 of which become triumphal for him. The most significant were the following victories of this period: 1922 - Hastings tournament, 1925 - Baden-Baden, 1927 - Kecskemet.

Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhin, an undefeated Russian champion, was a remarkable theoretician. It was he who became the founder of the chess start 1 (e4 kf6), which later will be called the legendary "Alekhin's Defense".

1924 - 1925 years became for the chess player at times victories in a blind way in set of sessions of simultaneous game. In 1924 Alexander Alekhine (chess player) struck New York, in all, 26 parties were held, 16 of which became victorious for him, and 5 ended in a draw. In 1925, the Grandmaster conquered Paris with his talent: 27 sessions were held, of which 22 were won and 3 were tied.

In addition to an unquestionable triumph in Paris, 1925 was marked for Alexander Aleksandrovich by obtaining at Sorbonne the scientific degree of doctor of law.

Triumph of Alexander Alekhine over Jose Capablanca

Absolute world champion AA Alekhin became in 1927, when he won in Buenos Aires victory over Cuban Jose Capablanca.

In total, 34 games were played, of which Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Alekhin (parties and their layouts scattered all over the world) won in 25, and 5 of them ended in a draw. In 1931, the chess player, having won the title of the winner in Yugoslavia in the international tournament, established an unconditional record for the whole time of chess existence.

The mischievous winner

There are many cases when the parties of Alexander Alekhin caused a wide resonance in the world chess community. During the game, he deliberately made mistakes, breaking the balance already at the first moves. For example, in the famous sixth game with Euwe in the 2nd tournament in 1937 after the standard 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nc3 dxc4 4.e4 e5 instead of 5.Nf3 he left the horse unprotected (5.Bxc4 exd4 6.Nf3 ).

Euwe was so surprised and shocked that he immediately made a mistake and quickly lost. In 1935, M. Eyve summoned the chess player to a duel for the title of world champion, in a match with him Alekhin AA. Lost 1 point, but in 1937 he not only returned him to the rematch, but also rehabilitated with a difference of 5.5 points. So Alekhine regained the title of world chess king.

AA Alekhin - the first chess-player touring

Alexander Aleksandrovich Alekhin is the first professional grandmaster to make a world tour. His journey lasted from 10.09.1932 to 20.05.1933. For 9 months the grandmaster honored with his presence 15 states: Mexico, Ceylon, Cuba, Shanghai, the Philippines, the USA, Egypt, Hawaii, Palestine, Japan, Italy, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Singapore and Indonesia. A total of 1320 parties were held, winning of them - 1165, losing - 65.

Warfare

In 1940, the translator-writer of the French army Alekhine Alexander Aleksandrovich, whose photo can be seen in this article, is taken prisoner, from where he was rescued only after the French surrender.

Unplayed match. Eternal Champion

During his life, the defeated fourth king of chess took part in 87 tournaments, of which 62 proved to be winning; In 23 games, 17 of which were also triumphal for him, 4 ended in a draw. In March 1946 Alyokhin was summoned to the duel by the champion of the USSR Botvinnik. Alexander Alexandrovich agreed, but the battle never took place in connection with the sudden death of the great chess player. They found the deceased on March 24 in the room of Estoril Park-Hotel near Lisbon. Judging by the situation, the evening before the death of the grandmaster with someone to supper. The conjectures about the causes of the tragedy were different, but most admirers of the chess player believed that the chekists were directly connected with his death. Alyokhin's funeral was held in Estoril, but in 1956 his reinterment was organized in Paris at the Montparnasse cemetery. On the marble tombstone of a chess player it is written that he is a chess genius of the two great powers of France and Russia. He passed away, continuing to retain the title of chess king, who was never able to be dethroned.

In 1965, a follower of AA Alekhin AA Kotov published a book about the life of the greatest of Russian chess players "White and Black". In 1980, the life of the great Russian chess player was immortalized in the film "White Snow of Russia", which was removed on the grounds of the above-named book. Alexander Alekhine - a man who will remain in the hearts of his countrymen for centuries, because his services to his native country are invaluable.