A covalent nonpolar bond is a chemical bond formed by the same atoms

Covalent nonpolar bond refers to simple chemical bonds. It is formed by common electronic pairs. There are 2 types of covalent associations that differ in the mechanism of formation. Consider its formation and learn more about what is generally a non-polar bond. It is most often formed in simple substances - nonmetals, but it can also occur in compounds formed by different atoms, provided that the electronegativity values of elementary particles are equal. For example, the substance PH3, EO (P) = EO (H) = 2.2.

Let us consider how a covalent nonpolar bond is formed. The hydrogen atom has only 1 electron, so its electron shell is not complete, it lacks another 1. During interaction, the hydrogen atoms begin to converge due to the forces of attraction of nuclei and electrons, while partially overlapping electron clouds. In the course of this, a doublet is formed, which belongs at once to two elementary particles. In a place where electronic clouds overlap each other, there is an increased electron density, attracting the nuclei of atoms, thereby ensuring their strong connection to the molecule. The covalent nonpolar connection is schematically written as follows:

H + + · H-H : H or H-H.

Here, the unpaired external-level electron is denoted by a single point, and the common electron pair by two points - : or a dash.

From the above, it can be seen that the region of overlapping of electron clouds is located symmetrically with respect to both atoms. In a similar way, a nonpolar covalent bond will be formed when molecules of simple substances having a larger number of electrons arise.

Since this connection is typical for most nonmetals, it is possible to establish a regularity related to their physical properties. Substances with covalent nonpolar association can be solid (silicon, sulfur), gaseous (hydrogen, oxygen) and liquid (only bromine). If we look closely at molecular ma- Gaseous and liquid non-metal, it can be seen that with the increase of Mr, the melting point and the boiling point most often increase. With solid non-metals this does not happen. The thing is that such simple substances have an atomic-crystal structure, the strength of which is attached by a covalent nonpolar bond. Thus, the greater the amount of such a bond, the harder the bond, for example, diamond and graphite.

Non-polar association is of great importance in the processes of vital activity of organisms, It is much stronger and more stable than hydrogen and ion. In order to break such bonds, an animal or plant needs to expend a large amount of energy, therefore enzymes actively participate in the mechanism of destruction.

A covalent nonpolar bond is a bond formed by identical atoms or different elementary particles of a compound having equal electronegativity values. At the same time, atoms share a common electronic pair (doublet) equally.