Where is the Broca zone?

What is speech? Why did monkeys in the era of dinosaurs suddenly start to "talk" and become human? Why do people communicate with words? These and other questions arise from researchers around the world, but not all learned men agreed that speech is a forced measure. There is an opinion that the ancient people did not want to talk, they liked to communicate with inarticulate sounds and gestures, but ... nature was so necessary. The majority of experts say that it is "fault" in our ability to speak not by nature, but by the brain itself. The Broca area and the Wernicke area are responsible for communication and recognition of information from parts of the brain. But, even knowing this, psychologists do not calm down, because how these two zones operate - jointly or separately, answering for different processes - is still unknown.

Speech as a product of the brain

There is an opinion that a conversation is a psychological process, since an average person simply needs to communicate with someone, even if it's an animal. He needs to know that he is being listened to. For this reason, people who are afraid to remain alone, talk to themselves - so they have the impression of a mutual dialogue.

Speech is a way of knowing the world around us, making it feel like a part of it. The Broca zone mentioned above allows us to listen, understand and respond to the interlocutor's remark. Only this is not always enough for an adequate conversation, because apart from understanding you need a well-placed voice, vocabulary, the ability to accurately convey your thoughts and a number of other requirements.

Paul Broca and his discovery

This great man gave his whole life to the study of the human brain. During his lifetime, he joked about himself, saying that his own clinic likes a little less than the laboratory in which he spends his free time. He was both an anthropologist, a neurosurgeon, and an ethnographer. The Broca's area was opened by a surgeon during treatment in his hospital of two elderly men. One of them has been sick for more than twenty years: lack of speech, paralysis of the right arm and legs - this is a small part of the lesions that were noticed by Paul.

The second patient arrived at the clinic with a hip fracture, as it later turned out, a few years ago a man had a seizure, due to which he lost the ability to speak. Subsequently, the poor fellow could pronounce only five words from his native French.

Today, surgeons immediately diagnosed the defeat of the Broca zone , and in those days (early 19th century) they did not even hear about this part of the brain, therefore, they did not try to treat it. But Paul immediately realized that the left brain is responsible for our speech . In connection with this, numerous studies have been carried out, showing the correctness of the researcher's arguments. The non-functional region of the brain in these two patients was appropriately named - "Broca's zone". Field activities only became the starting point in the study of our brain, after it was conducted a huge number of experiments.

Broca area

Have you ever thought about where the area is located that is responsible for the ability to talk? The Broca area is located in the posterior part of the third frontal gyrus of the left hemisphere in people writing with their right hand. Left-handers have the opposite. With the help of this center, we can talk, or rather, correctly build proposals. For example, small children are not always available to express their thoughts, because Broca's area is not as developed as in adults, due to a small experience of communication. This part of the brain is presented in the form of a certain analyzer, which first of all perceives useful information and reproduces it. The defeat of this area is called aphasia. The expression "can not even connect two words" vividly characterizes this disease, since a person in the literal sense can not convert a number of words into a sentence.

The Wernike area

This area is not without purpose described in one article with the above-mentioned site, because it is for the most part serves to understand and "digest" information. If the Broca's area is in the left forehead, the Wernicke region can be located in both the right and left hemispheres in the upper temporal region. And the problems with this part of the brain are also called aphasia, but here a person simply can not understand a single word even from their native language. He hears absolutely everything, but the meaning of what has been said can not be revealed, in other words, he seems to hear foreign words. Because of this, there are problems with the construction of their own speech: it seems incomprehensible, the words are chosen as if at random and sometimes have several meanings. However, the patient himself does not suspect that he speaks incomprehensibly, which is why he is often upset because other people can not answer him normally. At the same time, the understanding of the teams aimed at muscles is preserved, for example: "Close your eyes."

Opinions of scientists

At first, scientists agreed that Broca's zone is responsible for the reproduction of information, giving the person the opportunity to speak, and the Wernicke region for understanding someone else's speech. However, it is now believed that both centers influence both understanding and reproduction, therefore, problems with one inevitably lead to problems with the other.

How to improve the work of speech zones?

Practice and only practice! We need to monitor our speech and pay attention to our mistakes as often as possible. Talking to oneself in case of problems with speech will not be superfluous either. Reading books and listening to famous classical works are also able to help. But still, if you feel that the problem has acquired a large scale, you should contact a specialist to prevent more serious diseases. Modern medicine offers many drugs and procedures that will prevent the development of aphasia of the Broca and Wernicke areas.