What is the civil defense of the Russian Federation? Objects of civil defense

The system of civil defense is presented in the form of a set of special events. They are aimed at ensuring the preparation and protection of the population, cultural and material values in the territory of the state from all sorts of dangers that arise during the conduct or as a result of military operations. The activities of the bodies implementing these measures are regulated by the Law on Civil Defense. It was adopted on February 12, 1998. Next, let us consider in more detail what civil defense is.

Characteristic

The civil defense of the Russian Federation acts as an integral element of the general complex of protective measures carried out by the state. Activities are carried out both in peacetime and in wartime. Civil defense of the country provides protection against modern means that the enemy uses when attacking. The tasks of the structure also include urgent and rescue emergency and recovery work in the foci of defeat in the event of emergencies in times of war and peace.

Essential elements

The Civil Defense Department is a service that oversees the implementation of a set of protective measures. The units not only implement the assigned tasks in the course of emergencies in military or peacetime. The Law on Civil Defense also prescribes the preparation of facilities and forces, as well as ensuring the actions of organizations in performing emergency rescue and other urgent work. Civil defense organizations are special formations. They are created on the basis of units on a territorial-production basis. These organizations are not included in the Armed Forces. However, at their disposal is a special equipment, property. These organizations are prepared in a special way, which allows them to protect the population from the dangers that may arise during or because of military operations. The territory of the GO is the area on which civil defense facilities are located. In particular, these are settlements that have special strategic or economic state significance. Civil defense facilities are characterized by a high degree of danger of emergencies in the military and peace period.

Leadership

Speaking about what civil defense is, it should be noted that this complex is in charge of the state. Leadership of the GO is the Government. The state policy in the field of GO is carried out by the Federal executive authority. He is authorized to solve problems directly by the President. The leadership of the GO in the Federal Executive Bodies is exercised by their superiors. The activities of the units in the territories of subjects and municipalities are coordinated by their heads and administrative apparatus. Heads of executive bodies of local and federal significance, civil defense organizations and organizations are personally responsible for organizing and implementing measures to protect the public.

Structure

The question "what is civil defense" can be viewed from two sides. Firstly, as was said above, the GO is a set of measures. And on the other hand, what is civil defense? This is a special structure that includes various bodies and units. In particular, they include:

• Territorial bodies. Represented as regional centers for civil defense, emergency and disaster management. The bodies authorized to solve defense tasks and take the necessary measures to prevent and eliminate emergencies in the subjects of the Russian Federation belong to this category. They are completed by servicemen of civil defense troops, civilians, representatives of the leadership of the fire service. The heads of these territorial bodies are appointed by the heads of the federal structures in the established order.
• Units (staff) of organizations that have the authority to solve tasks in the field of civil defense. They are created (appointed) according to the procedure established by the Government.
• Federal executive body. He is empowered to solve security tasks.
• Subdivisions of the Federal executive bodies.

Tasks

Civil defense (security of the population largely depends on the activities of the structure we are considering) involves certain activities aimed at protecting and training people. These activities are part of the tasks of the GO. In particular, the civil defense of Russia includes:

• Training of civilians for methods of protection from various hazards that may arise during or as a result of war.
• Providing people with personal protection and shelter.
• Evacuation of cultural, material values and population to a safe area.
• Informing people about the danger that arose in the course of military operations or as a result of them.
• Carry out activities for different types of camouflage.
• The fight against fires that arose in the course of hostilities or became their consequence.
• Carry out emergency rescue activities in the event of danger in the military or peace period, as well as as a result of natural or man-made emergencies.
• Priority assistance (medical, including) to populations affected by emergencies or during military operations. In this set of activities, among other things, is the immediate provision of housing.
• Identification and identification of territories that have been exposed to biological, radioactive, chemical and other types of infection.
• Disinfection of the population, terrain, buildings, machinery.
• Restoration and preservation of order in the territories affected in the course of combat operations or as a result of them, as well as as a result of emergency situations of man-made and natural character.
• Immediate restoration of necessary public utilities in the war period.
• Urgent burial of the dead in the course of hostilities.
• Development and application of measures that are aimed at preserving facilities that are of particular importance for stable economic functioning and survival of the population in the war period.
• Ensuring a state of constant readiness of means and forces of GO.

Services

Civil defense of Russia is provided by subdivisions:

• Areas.
• Krayev.
• Republics.
• Subjects.
• Autonomous counties and regions.
• Cities.
• Districts.

Decisions on the formation of civil defense services are taken by executive bodies, the Government, and heads of organizations according to their authority. Provisions are approved by the relevant officials.

Means and forces of GO

Civil defense of the Russian Federation is carried out by military formations, which are specially created to carry out assigned tasks. The Armed Forces and other military units carry out their activities in accordance with the regulations on civil defense. Attraction of units and formations to the implementation of the tasks assigned is carried out in the manner approved by the President. The activities of rescue services are regulated by the relevant regulatory enactments. All these formations represent the means and forces of the GO.

Basics of activity

Civil defense of the Russian Federation is provided by military formations, at whose disposal is special equipment, as well as cold and firearms. The servicemen are given the appropriate certificates of the established pattern. The documents confirm their status. Also on the uniform there are international insignia of GO. Employees can serve in the relevant Federal Executive Office, which has special authority to address issues of ensuring protection of the population. The operation of the GO troops is carried out from the moment of the declaration of the martial law, the actual start of hostilities, the announcement by the President of the state of war, as well as during the peace period during a natural disaster, epizootic, epidemic, in the event of a catastrophe, a major accident that threatens the health of the population and requires the performance of rescue and Other urgent work.

Civil Defense Organizations

The order of their formation is established by the Government. Citizens of Russia can be included in the structure of civil defense organizations: women 18-55 years, men 18-60 years. The following categories are an exception:

• War-bound, having mobilization orders.
• Women with higher or secondary education and children under 3 years.
• Persons with disabilities 1-3 groups.
• Pregnant women and having dependents under 8 years.

Non-military formations

They are special groups of civilians. Their number is determined by the governing documents. Non-military formations are equipped with property and equipment, which are laid in accordance with the report card. These groups are referred to as "Rescue Teams". Non-military formations are classified by:

• Subordination - territorial and object.
• Purpose - general, specialized and special type.
• The degree of readiness is high and everyday.

Each region has a separate Civil Defense Battalion. Depending on the type of emergency, the MO allocates these or other means and forces, the Ministry of Internal Affairs - fire brigades or teams, the Ministry of Health - brigades, staffed by the hospital and polyclinic staff.

Signals

They vary depending on the situation. In peacetime, the signal is one: "Attention all!" This is followed by the text that is being developed at the headquarters of the GO. During the war period signals are used; "Radiation danger", "Chemical alarm", "End of air alarm", "Air alarm". In the latter case, the personnel of non-militarized formations during working hours carry out activities in accordance with the orders of commanders. In non-working hours, employees occupy shelters - special civil defense structures.

Rights of the population in protection from emergencies and in the field of civil defense

Citizens of Russia, according to the Federal Law and other normative and legal acts governing the sphere of civil defense, can and should:

• Undertake training in methods of protection from the dangers that arise during combat operations or as a result of them.
• Assist government bodies and authorized units in solving civil defense tasks.

The population has the right:

• To protect their lives, personal property and health in the event of emergencies.
• Use means (collective and individual) and other property intended for protection.
• To receive pensions in case of loss of a bread-winner, who died or died from a disease or injury, received during the performance of his duties to protect the territory and the population from emergencies.
• Be aware of the dangers to which they may be exposed while staying in certain places, and about security measures.
• To receive pensions in case of loss of ability to work due to illness or injury received during the work on protection against emergencies.
• Handle in personal order, and also send to the authorized bodies collective petitions and statements on the protection of territories and citizens from emergency situations.
• Get free social insurance, compensation and benefits for the damage caused during the disaster.
• Participate in activities to eliminate and prevent emergencies in the prescribed manner.
• Receive compensation for damage that has been caused to property and health.

Obligations of the population

Citizens of Russia must:

• To observe laws and other normative-legal acts of federal, subjective value in the field of defense of territories and population.
• To study the methods of providing emergency care, the rules for the use of individual and collective protective equipment.
• To observe safety rules in the course of daily work activities and at home, to prevent violations of technological and production discipline, as well as environmental requirements that could lead to emergencies.
• Fulfill all established rules at risk or occurrence of an emergency.

Prospects for the development of GO

In a fairly foreseeable future, the structure will be built in accordance with the principle of mobility. This means that the government, agriculture, industry and other economic sectors should be ready for a quick transition to activities in accordance with military plans. Presumably, civil defense will take on a more territorial than departmental character. This means that each region will be more independent and will solve problems primarily by its own forces.

Finally

To meet the level of modern requirements, it is necessary to continuously improve the structure of points and controls, to seek out equipment with new technical equipment. In addition, it is necessary to constantly improve the methods and organization of activities of all employees, to generalize and develop theoretical and practical experience, and to improve the training of the leadership apparatus.