What is farming? Types and types of farming

Economic activity is the basis in the product, raw materials and technical support of any country. It extends practically to all branches of production and represents the totality of the means used by man with the help of which it produces a particular product. But the answer to the question of what kind of economy is, is not so unambiguous, it involves the consideration of many aspects. Since this concept can be applied to a wide range of areas, each case will reveal its own peculiarities and nuances of using the term.

General concept

In the simplest sense, an economy means a set of tools and devices through which the owner provides his needs. Now you can slightly complicate the answer to the question about what is farming. Definition in a wider scope implies by this term a whole branch of the economy that provides the needs of consumers of different levels. That is, in this case, not just an organization or an enterprise that can produce a certain type of goods, but a segment in industrial or production activities, is considered.

The economy can be considered both as a separate stage of production, and as its component. For example, the organization of a garden plantation is an element of activity that can be part of measures aimed at maintaining a private farmstead. But this is a narrower view of what an economy is (even from the point of view of a private person). A more complete picture can be lined up if we include in the concept the totality of all the activities that a particular farmer is engaged in.

Agriculture

In this case, we are talking about the farm as an integral part of the agro-industrial complex. It should be noted that this is a sufficiently segmented area, which includes different directions. For a deep understanding of what agriculture is, it is important to distinguish several industries, including livestock, crop production, melon growing, etc. Each region receives as a final result a certain type of agricultural product.

It is important to note a few important differences in this area. The fact is that agriculture has the greatest impact on the natural environment. To explain the reasons for this feature, it is necessary to determine what is the economy on land. Such activities involve soil cultivation, fertilization, landscape modification and other actions that affect the structure of the natural massif.

Producing economy

In one form or another, any activity is producing. However, there is a direct production of specific products. To a greater extent this applies to the sphere of industry. At the same time, the question of what a producing economy is, should be considered with some nuances depending on the specific industry. For example, agriculture has also features of appropriating activity, which is not directly related to production. As a transitional link from agricultural activities to machine manufacturing, it is worth considering the agrarian and craft principle of production.

What is subsistence farming?

If for the industry in pure form signs of the production process are characteristic, the agrarian enterprises and private farmers are based on the principles of subsistence farming. The main feature of this activity is self-sufficiency. That is, when answering the question about what a subsistence economy is, one should be guided precisely by the concept of satisfying the owner's own needs. At the same time, exchange and sale are excluded, since the economy is oriented to small volumes of production. From here it is possible to deduce two more signs of subsistence economy. Firstly, this is mainly the agrarian nature of the production of goods. Secondly, the use of a minimal amount of technical tools during the maintenance of the economy is noted. True, in the pure form of this type of economy are extremely rare - in any case, complete isolation is observed infrequently.

What is a family farm?

This example shows that the farm is not always directly connected with the production process. It is about the content of an apartment or a house, in which each member of the family performs its specific tasks. The totality of works and activities aimed at maintaining order and life support within the living space, and is the answer to the question of what a family economy is. This can be everyday washing dishes, and repairing household appliances, and performing repairs - these and many other operations can be attributed to household activities. By the way, hence the notion of "housewife". It applies to women, most of the time devoted to homework.

Retailing

To some extent, this is the opposite of subsistence farming. In this case, the owner of the production not only satisfies his own needs, but also supplies other consumers. To illustrate what a commodity economy is, an example should be given of a farmer engaged in breeding chickens. Managing a large house, he can afford most of the eggs and meat to be delivered to the market. Moreover, in some cases manufacturers completely sell all the products to buyers.

It is important to note that commodity relations arose against the background of the process of division of labor. The inability to provide their needs with a complete list of products has led to the need for interaction with other producers. But this happened during the periods of the formation of market relations, and what is the commodity economy in our day? Significant differences of today's organization of such farms include clear segmentation with the allocation of narrow specializations, as well as close interaction between the consumer and the supplier.

Country economy

On the scale of the country, one can talk about the aggregate of not only production capacities, but also about natural resources that allow economic activity. At the same time, the production process and other factors of resource use that contribute to improving the quality of life of people are also considered. But more often than not, the activities of enterprises with agricultural complexes are being questioned about what a producing economy is within the country. The gross domestic product largely depends on how efficiently developed this or that branch of industry or agricultural production. Another indicator of the development of the economy is labor productivity. However, against the background of the active introduction of new technological means, such criteria for assessing development are becoming less relevant.

Conclusion

As already mentioned, any human activity can be regarded as economic. It can be and the organization of a life, and care of house pets, and manufacture of food stuffs. Also, with a deep analysis of the question of what a farm is, specialists often involve economic aspects. In industry and large agricultural enterprises, profitability is one of the key indicators of the success of one or another form of activity. However, the application of economic estimates is far from in all spheres. For example, for an average farmer who in his household is oriented to the cultivation of exotic garden plants for their own needs, such criteria are difficult to apply.