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Trade history

The history of trade has more than one century, then fading (the Middle Ages), then blossoming (the Renaissance). Even in primitive people, relations were observed in the course of which some objects or products changed to others. In Mesopotamia, Egypt, they began to form more definitely, there were units of calculation, a regular scheme began to form: the commodity-money-commodity.

The cuneiform of the Babylonians tells about transactions for the purchase and sale of slaves, cattle, land. At the same time, credit relations between people began to take shape, as well as the ways in which goods, slaves and livestock were delivered to Persia, Armenia, Media, Arabia and India. The same ways brought the precious stones, spices and incense, fabrics and articles from silver and gold. The cities through which the cargo was transported flourished.

The history of trade in ancient Greece, and later in the Roman Empire, was reflected in myths and works of art. The Greek god Hermes and the Roman Mercury helped people in the successful exchange of goods, and in their honor temples were built, sacred gifts were brought to them. And if the ancient Greeks not only imported, but also sold various goods, the Romans, as a rule, only imported them. The Roman Empire bought bread and lentils in Egypt, meat and dairy products in Gaul, fruits and olive oil were delivered from Africa, silk from China. Almost the whole world had relations with Rome.

After the fall of this great empire, the history of trade turns to a different direction. Formed new European states, which for prosperity should engage in sales. In the time of the Emperor Justinian in the VI century AD. Byzantium enters the world arena and establishes relations between the European countries and the East, sea and river ways of cargo delivery are laid. Byzantium imports from Syria cotton and sugar, trades with India, China, the Black Sea countries, while Italian merchants do not become their competitors, stealing from the Chinese the secret of silk production. Since that time, the Europeans themselves have started to produce these exquisite fabrics.

The Middle Ages were not favorable for the prosperity and development of purchase and sale, and only in the Renaissance the history of trade received a new direction. People began to discover new, unexplored land, seafaring is flourishing, unknown ways are being mastered on which cargo is delivered. At the same time, there are surpluses of goods that need to be realized. This period is also characterized by the fact that the history of trade development begins to acquire a negative character. The massive export of slaves from Africa until the 19th century is a terrible shame of a civilized Europe. People were sold worse than cattle, and were taken to the Old and New World.

Our ancestors began to engage in buying and selling relatively recently. The history of trade in Russia begins with the VIII-IX centuries, and its center was Kiev. At the time, our ancestors supplied honey, furs, and agricultural products to the foreign market. In the cities in the squares there were trades where they sold leather, furs, and various utensils. By the 12th century Novgorod became the main Russian trade center, and in the XIV century - Moscow. Our ancestors knew how to sell and knew this. Began to appear various fairs and living rooms.

In the era of Peter the history of trade in Russia becomes European. Merchants and industrialists are successfully promoting the country to the world market. A more intensive purchase of goods from Europe and America begins. By the middle of the 18th century large companies were being formed, relations with India and China were being established, and a lot of goods were imported. By the end of the XIX century the history of trade development in Russia came to its peak. The Empire has become one of the leading powers exporting the lion's share of production to the world market.

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