The best dust collection system: overview, specifications and operating instructions

Aspiration - the process of ventilation of industrial premises with high dustiness. Such areas are equipped with special filtration equipment. . In particular, gas cleaning and dust collecting plants are used . Such equipment is equipped with premises of various enterprises: from factories for the industrial production of bricks to grain processing plants. ). Let's consider further, what there are dust collecting installations (UVP ).

Classification features

) представляет собой оборудование, предназначенное для фильтрации воздуха. The ventilating dust-collecting unit (UVP ) is an equipment designed for air filtration. Separation of impurities is carried out in special filters.

Depending on the mechanism of action, these elements are divided into:

1. Gravitational.
2. Wet.
3. Electric.
4. Oily.
5. Inertial ones.
6. Porous.
7. Combined.
8. Acoustic.
9. Cloth, etc.

Main types of equipment

Depending on the degree of filtration, the plants can be:

1. Coarse cleaning. The efficiency of detainment of particles in such equipment is 40-70%. These units include large-sized cyclones, sedimentary chambers.
2. Medium cleaning. They ensure the retention of particles by 70-90%. This category includes blinds, rotary aggregates, cyclones, etc.
3. Fine cleaning. In them, the particle retention rate can reach 90-99.9%. This group includes sleeves, electrical, roll, cellular, foam aggregates, etc.

Depending on the application, the devices are divided into 2 categories. The first includes units used to filter ventilation and industrial emissions into the atmosphere, the second - devices designed to clean the flow streams, as well as air masses returned to the shop for recycling. Enterprises can simultaneously use different dust collection systems. The price of equipment varies from 36 to 400 thousand rubles.

Technical and economic indicators

на конкретном предприятии. According to them, it is determined how effective the operation of dust collection plants at a particular plant is. The key technical and economic indicators include:

1. Dustproof.
2. Hydraulic resistance.
3. Performance.
4. Efficiency of dust collection (fractional and general).
5. Electricity consumption.
6. The cost of filtration.
7. Maintenance costs.

Comparative characteristics

, механизм действия которой основывается на силе тяжести. The simplest is a dust collecting device , the mechanism of its action is based on gravity. As a rule, it carries out a rough filtration. The efficiency of particle trapping is not more than 50%. In this case, elements larger than 50 μm are absorbed. . Cyclone is a more efficient dust collecting unit . In it, filtration is based on the application of centrifugal force. During the rotation, the particles of substances are thrown to the walls of the unit, and then they are showered in a special hopper. Purified air, rotating, leaves the plant through a pipe. The efficiency of cyclone filtration is now 80-90%.

Currently, such units have a very different design. If it is necessary to clean a large volume of air flow, several devices are grouped together or battery cyclones are used. They are presented in the form of a large number of small units installed in one housing and housed on one bunker. The most popular today, however, is wet dust collectors. Due to contact with the liquid medium, the particles are wetted and coarsened, and then removed from the apparatus in the form of a slurry. Such units can have a very different design. For example, it can be rotocyclones, disintegrators and so on.

To the class of wet installations include foam aggregates. They supply water to a perforated grate. Through it passes and filtered air. The threshold is provided on the grate (drainage partition). It allows you to maintain a certain thickness of the foam layer. отличается высокой эффективностью – до 99%. Such a dust collection system is highly efficient - up to 99%. The unit is capable of filtering particles larger than 15 μm. In industry, the PGP-LTI and PGS-LTI devices are produced with a capacity of 3-50 thousand m / h.

Scheme

включает в себя: Foam dust collecting plant includes:

1. Receiving box.
2. Housing.
3. Lattice.
4. Threshold.
5. Drain box.

The bag filter has the following construction:

1. Inlet connection.
2. Sleeve.
3. Suspension.
4. Shaking mechanism.
5. Outlet branch.
6. Bunker.

The electrostatic precipitator consists of:

1. The inlet pipe.
2. The corona electrode.
3. Filter bodies (precipitation electrode).
4. The outlet branch pipe.
5. The bunker.
6. The rectifier.

Mechanism of action

фильтрует воздух через ткань. Sleeve mouth The new ventilating dust filter filters air through the fabric. It stitches in a special way and is placed in the hermetic case of the device. The air being cleaned is sucked off by the fan from the filter and discharged to the atmosphere. Periodically, the hoses are cleaned with a back-blowing shaking mechanism. Filters can be pressure and suction type. To produce them, a dense synthetic or natural fabric is used. The efficiency of the sleeves is 95-99%. In practice, the most common are filters FTNS, PRM, FVK.

Electrodevices are widely used in the purification of industrial and ventilation emissions. The mechanism of their operation is based on the following: when gas is passed between two differently charged plates, ionization of the air medium takes place. Ions and dust particles collide, the latter receive electric charges. Under their action they begin to move to the electrodes of the opposite sign and settle there. The efficiency of filtration in such devices is 99.9%. Electrical installations are considered economical in operation. They can filter streams at temperatures up to 450 degrees. However, electrical installations can not be used to trap explosive particles.

Specificity of aspiration

This process involves not just the removal of dust from the air, but also its additional purification. The system functions in such a way that it prevents the accumulation of particles and the creation of "plugs". This ensures uninterrupted operation of personnel and equipment indoors. Taking into account the huge volume of waste in industrial enterprises, it can be concluded that aspiration becomes even more in demand due to the established standards of safety and health in the work of personnel in hazardous conditions.

This method differs from other methods of cleaning air in rooms in that the systems are located at a certain angle. This prevents the formation of stagnant zones and localizes areas of maximum release of contaminants. As a result, the multiplicative filtering effect is realized. The concentration of harmful compounds does not exceed the allowed limits.

Chopper pumps

Aspiration systems are used not only in chemical and metallurgical industry enterprises, but also in woodworking, grinding-crushing plants. In such rooms, the installation of filter equipment requires special knowledge, so professionals are invited to install it. Design of the aspiration system begins with the examination of the premises. Based on it, a preliminary calculation of the power and size of the equipment is made. In furniture production there is a huge volume of fine waste. They must be removed from the workspace without fail. For this, a chip suction system is used. Equipment is considered a variety of aspiration devices.

The chipper can eliminate particles having a diameter of up to 5 μm. In the cyclone of the equipment there is a special fan and filtered bags. A separate machine is connected to the chipper by means of a flexible duct system from a reinforced or corrugated pipe. The principle of operation is quite simple. The fan sucks in the polluted air, which is filtered. Dust particles are collected in a bag. From there they are sent to a special filter for the final cleaning. At maximum filling, the bag is removed and cleaned or replaced with a new one. Poultry scrapers are easy to connect, they are easy to transport.

Requirements

The devices should function smoothly, reliably, with indicators corresponding to the design or received during the adjustment activities and agreed with the developer. Installations for gas cleaning should be equipped with auxiliary devices and inventory. When using such units, responsible persons maintain documentation. It reflects the main indicators for which the mode of operation of equipment is characterized. In particular, we are talking about a deviation from the optimal scheme of work, identified malfunctions, failure of individual devices or the whole complex as a whole, etc. All units must be registered with the State Inspectorate for Gas Purification. At least 1 time in six months, inspection of the units for assessing the technical condition should be carried out. This procedure is carried out by a commission appointed by the head of the enterprise.

General rules for the operation of gas cleaning and dust collecting plants

It is not allowed to use process equipment with the filters turned off. In each case of deactivation of the cleaning device with the functioning machine, the management of the organization is obliged to notify the State Inspectorate. At the same time, it is necessary to get permission for the release agreed upon by the supervisory authorities.

When operating dust collection plants for gas filtration with an increased content of explosive (combustible) elements, it is necessary to ensure particularly carefully the maintenance of specified pressure and tightness of structures, proper purging of apparatus and communications to prevent ignition and explosion.