Shuya, Ivanovo Region. Cities of the Ivanovo region

The Ivanovo region is considered to be one of the oldest in Russia. The region is rich in sights, artistic traditions, architectural monuments, which are located in various localities. The regional center is the city of Ivanovo. The distance from it to Moscow is just over 300 km. To large settlements of the region should be attributed Kokhmu, Teikovo, Furmanov, Kineshma, Vichugu. The main types of recreation are here, such as pilgrimage tours, visits to sanatoriums, excursions, fishing. The "Golden Ring" includes such Russian cities as Yuryevets, Ples, Kholui, Ivanovo, Shuya and others. One of them will be discussed in this article. Further, the reader will be able to get to know more closely the settlement with the beautiful name Shuya.

general information

The city of Shuya, Ivanovo region, is an administrative center. It stretches between two rivers, which are Klyazma and Volga. The map of the Ivanovo region shows clearly the location of the subject of the Russian Federation under consideration. Through the settlement flows from the north to the south of the river. Theza. This is evidenced by the map presented below. Shuya (Ivanovo region) is considered to be the third largest settlement in the region. In 2014, there were more than 58.5 thousand inhabitants. The settlement is located 32 km from Ivanovo. Shuya has an area of more than 33 km ² . Below is the history of the settlement.

Historical background

According to one of the versions, in the place where now stands Shuya (Ivanovo region), in ancient times a settlement was formed. It was formed by the Finno-Ugric peoples and the Chud. The name of the settlement can be derived from the word "suo" (Finnish). In translation it means "swampy terrain, swamp, lake". There is another hypothesis. According to her, the name comes from the Old Slavic "oshoe". It is translated as "on the left hand", "on the left", and concerning the location of the settlement - on the left bank. Not far from the city in the 20th century, Semuhinsky burial mounds were discovered - ancient burials. They belong to the Volga trading road 10-11 centuries.

The Principality

The history of Rus retained the mention of the owners of the city. The princes of Shuisky were his masters for almost 200 years. Their family originates from Vasily Kirdyapa. He was one of the princes of Suzdal. V. Shuisky was a well-known representative of the family. This prince was the last king of the Rurik. He ruled from 1606 to 1610 years. After him, the state was governed by the dynasty of the Romanovs. According to historical information, Prince Shuisky often happened in his patrimony. The owner of these lands loved the falconry. His daughter, Princess Anna, is buried in the village. Miller. Now it is a suburb of Shuya. In the local Kremlin (now this is the district of the Union Square) siege yards were located. They belonged to the prince Shuisky, and Pozharsky, and some others.

Beginning of the Chronology

The settlement was first officially mentioned in the documents of 1539. At that time, some cities of the Ivanovo region were devastated. Nikon's annals testify to the invasion of the territory of the Kazakh Khan Safa-Girey. Among the devastated was and Shuya. The Ivanovo region, as is known, is the place where a large number of monasteries and temples are located. Before the invasion of the Kazakh Khan, the settlement was called the Borisoglebskaya Sloboda. Shuya was named after the church of St. Boris and Gleb, located on the territory of the settlement.

Crowned people

During the campaign to Kazan, Ivan the Terrible visited Shuya. Soon it was annexed to the other 19 settlements that were part of oprichnina. This happened in 1565-72 years. Shuya (Ivanovo region) became the property of the Russian tsar. In 1572, in accordance with the spiritual charter, the settlement was inherited by the son of Grozny - Fyodor. However, the city was soon ruined. First, in 1609, the Poles did it, and then the Lithuanians in 1619. In 1722 Peter the Great visited the city. He stopped here to put his finger on the shrine - the icon of the Mother of God (Shuisko-Smolenskaya). It was written during the pestilence of 1654-55. After the icon was finished, the epidemic in the city stopped, and people were healed of other ailments, applying themselves to the image of the Mother of God. Peter the Great also got rid of the disease. The king wanted to take the shrine with him to St. Petersburg, but local residents urged him to leave an image in the Resurrection Church. For some time Peter's daughter Elizabeth lived in Shuya. She loved to go hunting in local forests. There was also another heir to the throne - Alexander II.

Textile fishing

The manufacture of linen cloth has been conducted since ancient times. Textile industry involved many residents of the city. Linen canvases were made in peasant huts, towns and houses, using weaving wooden machines. By the middle of the 18th century manufactories began to appear. The largest was discovered in 1755 by the merchant Yakov Igumnov. But by the end of the century, flax was replaced by cotton. The first businessmen who established the supply of cotton yarn from England were merchants Kiseleva. In parallel, the factories of the Posyliny brothers were developing. The products of their manufactories received a large gold medal at the First All-Russian Exhibition in St. Petersburg.

Merchants

Trade and industry in Shuya developed rapidly. This was facilitated by a convenient geographical location - a settlement was established on a navigable river. In the city was built Gostiny Dvor, which had a fairly large area. Here came to trade foreign and nonresident merchants. In the Gostiny Dvor in 1654 there was a store of the English-Arkhangelsk Trade Union. The most ancient industrial sphere in Shuya is soap making. The first mention of the factories is in the scribe book of 1629. By the 16th century the industrial character of the settlement was practically formed. Along with soap making, the old craft was sheepskin-fur coat. Especially it flourished in 16-17 centuries. That's why Prince Shuisky was popularly called a "fur coat".

Coat of arms

Catherine the Great in 1781 issued a special decree, according to which the Vladimir governorship was formally established. The Shui coat of arms was also approved. It was a shield divided into two parts. Above was a symbol of Vladimir (provincial city) - a lion leopard, standing on its hind legs, and below - a bar of soap on a red background, which glorified the soap plants located on the territory of the city.

Architecture and museums

Shuya (photo of the city is presented in the article) is a unique settlement. There was an amazing atmosphere here. In the territory of this ancient merchant city there are various buildings - unique architectural monuments. In particular, the estate of Pavlov and the merchant Nekrasov is of special historical interest. Kiselyovskaya hospital is located in the Union Square. Earlier on this place was the Kremlin. Not far from Soyuznaya is Lenin Square. There are also some interesting places here. For example, it is worth to visit the shopping arcade. The building in which they are located, erected in the early 19th century. The Lenin and Soyuznaya squares are separated by a pond through which you can cross the bridge. Today, the territory of trade rows is occupied by the Museum of Local Lore. It contains a fairly large exposition. Various exhibits are presented: household items, costumes, coins, furniture and so on. Visitors can get acquainted with the history of the city and the region. Most of the exposition tells about Konstantin Balmont. The birthplace of this famous poet is Shuya (Ivanovo region). Also to fans of history it will be interesting to visit the Frunze Art and Memorial Museum. Today the subjects of the presented expositions are quite wide. The museum is a fairly large complex, in which collections of local artists and historical exhibits are on display. In addition, there are regularly held various festivals and competitions. On the basis of a cultural institution, extensive scientific research is conducted. The whole exposition is located in the old merchant houses. These mansions themselves are already monuments of architecture. Since 2010, the Museum of Military Glory has been operating in Shuya. Another interesting attraction is the wooden gateways of the 19th century.

Temples

In Shuya, as, indeed, in another ancient city, there are many churches. The Resurrection Cathedral is considered the most famous local landmark. I must say that before the revolution in Shuya, there were about 20 churches. Resurrection Cathedral is famous for its 106-meter bell tower. I must say that it is on the second place in Russia in its size. The largest is the bell tower of the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg. The bell for the Resurrection Cathedral was cast in Moscow. It was installed on the bell tower in 1891 in honor of the birthday of Emperor Nicholas II. In 1922, church values were tried to be removed from the temple. Local residents then went to the square to prevent this act. But on the orders of the authorities people were opened fire, which resulted in the death of several people. After that, mass repressions against representatives of the clergy began. In honor of the injured clergy in 2007 a monument was opened. In addition to Resurrection, in Shuya there is the Cathedral of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. Here, too, there are the Ilyinskaya, Pokrovskaya, Krestovozdvizhenskaya churches.