Philosophy of the 20th century.

In the second half of the 19th century, there was a gradual departure from the classics and a smooth transition to nonclassical philosophy, the period of changing patterns and principles of philosophical thinking began. The philosophy of the twentieth century characterized the classical trend as a kind of total trend or stylistics of thinking, which is characteristic of approximately three hundred years of the development of Western thought. At this time, the thought structure of the classical direction was thoroughly permeated with a sense of the natural order of things and rationally comprehended in the theory of knowledge. Adherents of the classical current believed that reason is the main and most perfect instrument of transformation in a person's life. The decisive forces that allow us to hope for the solution of the vital problems of mankind were proclaimed knowledge as such and rational knowledge.

In the XX century. Due to a number of sociocultural changes, such as progress in scientific knowledge and technological achievements, class opposition has become less violent than it was in the 19th century. Western European philosophy of the 20th century survived a surge of theoretical natural science, which led to the fact that materialistic and idealistic systems found their inconsistency in questions of explaining the changes that have occurred in science and society. In the philosophical schools of the 20th century, the confrontation between the idealistic and the materialistic theories no longer occupied the former dominant place, giving way to new trends.

The philosophy of the 20th century was determined, first of all, by the fact that classical constructions no longer satisfied many representatives of philosophical currents in view of the fact that they lost the concept of man as such. The variety and specificity of the subjective manifestations of man, as some thinkers of that time thought, can not "grasp" the methods of science. In contrast to rationalism, philosophers began to set up a nonclassical philosophy, where the life and existence of man were the primary reality.

Western philosophy of the 20th century questioned the desire of classical philosophy to present society as an objective entity that is analogous to natural objects. The 20th century passed under the banners of some "anthropological boom" that occurred in philosophy. Characteristic for the philosophy of the time, the image of the so-called social reality was directly associated with such a concept as "intersubjectivity." As the philosophers of that time believed, this direction was intended to overcome that division into the subject and object that was so characteristic of social classical philosophy. The intersubjective trend in philosophy was based on the idea of a special kind of reality that develops in the mutual relations of people.

The methods that developed and applied the philosophy of the 20th century are more complex and even somewhat refined, compared with the classical philosophy of the 19th century. In particular, this manifested itself in the increasing role of philosophical work on the form and structure of human culture (symbolic-symbolic formations, meanings, texts). Philosophy of the 20th century is also characterized by its multifaceted nature. This is expressed in the diversity of its directions and schools. All new spheres, which previously remained unknown, entered the orbit of philosophical and scientific comprehension in the 20th century.

With the beginning of a new era, the tone and general mood of philosophical works changed, they lost that confident optimism that is characteristic of classical philosophy. Philosophy of the 20th century came very close to creating an entirely new paradigm of world perception, world-size and world-view, a person, which is directly connected with ever-increasing demands in a radically new type of rationality.