Official and business style: examples of text. Business style of communication: features

Business style, examples of which will be presented in this article, one way or another concerns every member of society. He accompanies us in the inevitable daily communication with the state and public institutions. An ordinary person often turns out to be an addressee when using a business style. Examples, when the whole huge mass of business texts of a different nature is potentially aimed at him, are numerous. The situation, when he himself has to make such a text and send it to various instances, appears much less often.

Types of business speech

Business speech can be directed to a person as a citizen of his country. It comes from the state and is prescriptive and official. This is a speech of the state and law. It can also be addressed to an individual as an individual, and in this case, its official character is on the wane. In the first case, it is represented by laws and by-laws, resolutions, orders, orders, rules, business style (examples can be continued). The second with the development of economic reforms is gaining new forms and genres.

Creativity in a business speech

The desire to exert a direct influence on each person leads to the search and use of various, sometimes vivid and expressive ways of linguistic expression, intelligible and even intrusive. This requires the creator of such a text of creativity and creativity, close to the art of the poster, if it is a written text, and scenic art, if this is a game advertising story. This second type of business texts is now growing in avalanche, and its methods are being formed, talented finds are emerging. But do not think that earlier this style was not used at all. Examples have met in the past. You can recall at least VV Mayakovsky, who did not regret spending his talent on rhymes like "Nowhere except as in Mosselprom" or "Who is where, but I'm in the savings bank".

Different degree of officiality

One thing is clear: the higher the degree of official speech, the more reliance on book-written turns and stamps, the more insignificant it is, the closer the speech to the ordinary, even colloquial, the greater the probability of appearance in it not only of a broad stratum of general literary language means, but also specifically Found ways to impress the reader or viewer with unusualness and thereby attract his attention and influence him. Advertising - the most vivid example of what is by no means the only type of business speech is the official business style.

Examples from advertising are so far from him that they only have the original purpose. However, this is observed not only in a business speech. One can see a complete analogy between the relations "scientific and business style - popular science style" and "business speech - speech of advertising", in which the second member came close to the artistic speech and came out of the original version of the literary language. The first and second terms of these relations differ diametrically. Accordingly, the first and second types of business speech designated here also diverge. The process of forming a literary language is lively. Regroupings are taking place before our eyes. The business, conversational style develops . That is, in the business speech, as in the newspaper and journalistic, the area of artistic and visual language freedom is allocated.

Official business style

The examples above show that the business style is a broad concept. If we proceed from the obligatory linguistic homogeneity of the variety of the literary language, then we must admit that the actual business speech is only its official-business type. A wide range of areas of public life embraces the business style of communication.

Examples: legislative and executive, industrial and economic, administrative and economic fields, health and trade, domestic and foreign policy. The texts corresponding to them are united by a common body of language means for them, the differences are of a particular nature and relate mainly to the specific notions of realities, ie terminological lexicon and a number of lexical cliches. Basically, on the same principles, the text of the official business style is being built. Examples of use are found in official-documentary, directive, instructive, program-methodological, reference-information, departmental and other similar publications.

Monotony and minimization of language facilities

In business speech, there is extreme minimization and, as a consequence, the monotony of linguistic means. The existence of a large number of small genres of business papers does not lead to their variation. Many genres are united in their directional orientation, which leads to the use of verbal instructions that could be offensive in personal communication, but thrive in business texts: "It is forbidden", "Prohibition is prohibited", "Turning is required" (verbal noun on "-ca "Strengthens the imperative).

Features of verbal and nominal control

The desire for specialization and isolation of business speech leads to a facilitated treatment of the laws of verbal control. Having arisen in use, the design with violation of general literary verb control, repeating itself as a template, becomes a formula. In the least, this affects the nominal management. There arise from the general literary grammar system and are not legalized even by the intra-style norm of business speech, but the extended constructions: "Instructions for use", "Instruction for the care of shoes (No. 10, 13)", "Tuesday and Thursday no admission," " Instruction for assembly (No. 2) "," Review on the abstract "," Feedback on the abstract "(normative about here is perceived as low)," Telegrams category "urgent" are taken out of turn (announcement) "," Noise level should not exceed sixty Decibel ", etc. In a scientific speech, this is not true then.

Overestimated degree of nominativeness

The overestimated degree of nominativeness of speech is created basically in four ways: practically unlimited formation of verbal nouns with the suffix "-ka" and the non-suffix; Developed nominations entirely of a nominal nature, used as a term, as well as various kinds of production (administrative, economic, commercial, legal, etc.) terms; Prepositional-case designs of various kinds; Using a few but very frequency verbs whose purpose is not to participate in the formation of a sentence with its own lexical meaning, but only to provide it with the necessary predicative (they can be considered as "empty" or "half-empty" markers of verbality). Such a parity of nominativity and verbality is also observed in scientific speech, but in business it is even more pronounced and achieves the possible maximum limit of superiority and the predominance of a name over a verb whose lexical meaning loses value and disappears. If it is necessary in the course of the message, then instead of the verb, the verbal noun acts on "-anie", "-enius", "-ie".

Artificial verbal nouns and adjectives

Verbal nouns that saturate business speech are very often artificial in form, word formation, and meaning. There are no such words and such meanings in the explanatory dictionaries of the modern Russian literary language. Artificial there are also adjectives. For example, the inscription on tobacco "Fortress vyshesrednyaya."