Mushrooms. The Red Book of Russia

Mushrooms are of great importance for the ecosystem. In addition to participating in the circulation of substances, decomposing the remains of plants and animals, fungi are a valuable nutrient and symbiotic organism, especially the Basidiomycetes.

Mushrooms of the Red Book. General information

Until recently, the microflora had not been adequately studied, the fungi were given little importance, and strict registration of species was not conducted. In addition to the generally accepted biological classification, mushrooms have another: edible, inedible, poisonous, medicinal, pests of forest and agricultural crops, and others.

Rare fungi Red Book considers in the section "Plants". It includes 17 species of fungi.

Grifola curly (mushroom-ram, tinder leafy), Sparassis curly (Mushroom cabbage), Ravenel mutinus, Spiderweb purple, Pig stigmas (Stingate clavate), Gyroporus chestnut (chestnut or chestnut mushroom), White buffalo, Settone double (Diktiophora doubled), Porphyrofoam pseudo-birch, Mushroom umbrella maiden, Shishkogrib flaky, branched branched (Grifola umbellate), Gyroporum blue (bruise), Corundian coral (Goricium coral), Grillus red (Cluturus red), Fly agaric, Mu Sinus canine

Bazidial mushrooms have special structures for the production of spores - basidia. As can be seen from the list, all fungi included in the Red Book belong only to one class - Agarikomycetes. Only top mushrooms are on the list.

A more detailed description of some species will be given below.

Podisinovik white (Leccinum percandidum)

Refers to the Department of Basidiomycetes, to the class of Agarikomycetes.

Still this mushroom, brought in the Red Book, is called Aspen White. Looks like the common Podisinovik red, but has a white hat.

The hat can in diameter reach 25 cm, the leg is white, to the bottom is thickened - clavate. The tubular layer is usually white, may be slightly yellowish.

It grows in aspen forests, in mixed pine-spruce forests.

It can be found on the territory of the CIS, especially in the Murmansk, Moscow, Leningrad regions of the Russian Federation. It is quite rare - the status of 3R.

Fruit-bearing begins in the middle of July-August.

The mushroom is edible with a delicious flesh, but it is worth remembering that the fungus is a Red Book, so it can not be collected.

Mushroom umbrella girlish (Macrolepiota puellaris)

Refers to the department of Basidiomycetes, to the class of Agarikomycetes.

This fungus belongs to the family of champignon, so it is edible.

Hat is thin whitish, can reach 10 cm in diameter. Leg very thin, but high - up to 16 cm.

This fungus grows on the fringes of mixed forest or pine forest in July-September. In general, one grows, rarely - in groups. It can be found throughout Eurasia. It is quite rare - the status of 3R.

Mutinus canine (Latin Mutinus caninus)

Refers to the department of Basidiomycota, to the class of Agarikomycetes.

The fungus has an elongated shape with a slightly hat. The length of the fruit body reaches 18 cm, the diameter of the foot is 1.5 cm. When the fungus ripens, its crown ruptures and reveals a pale pink tip.

Rarely enough mushroom - the status of 3R, grows on the territory of Europe, as well as North America. It can be found in a coniferous forest, mostly several pieces, rarely one by one. He likes to grow on rotten snags, rotting stumps, sawdust.

The fungus has a specific, not very pleasant smell, which attracts insects. When beetles or flies gnabilize part of the fungus - gleba, it begins to decompose very quickly, within 3-4 days from Mutinus nothing remains.

The mushroom is edible, but only when it is not yet ripe - in the egg shell.

Amanita strobiliformis (Amanita strobiliformis)

This mushroom is also called "Amanita pineal".

Refers to the department of Basidiomycota, to the class of Agarikomycetes.

This species of fly agaric has a white hat with a diameter of up to 18 cm, a leg of white height of 15-20 cm.

On the territory of the CIS is common in Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Estonia, Georgia, in Russia only in the Belgorod region. It can be found in mixed forests with such trees as linden, beech, oak, tk. Amanita is their symbionts.

Fruit-bearing begins in August-September.

These fungi of the Red Book are quite rare, because Very demanding of external conditions (soil and temperature).

The fungus is poisonous.

Dictiophora duplicata

Another name is Dictiophore double or seto.

Refers to the department of Basidiomycota, to the class of Agarikomycetes.

The fungus is somewhat similar to the Mutinus dog, since Belongs to the same genus - Veselka.

The weakly expressed hat has a dark brown, dark gray color at the time of full maturation. Fruit body elongated with a diameter of up to 5 cm and its color varies depending on the period of maturation.

It grows on well-drained soil, with decaying wood singly, less often in groups. Setocoske can be found in the Moscow region, Belarus, part of Ukraine.

Diktifora is an edible fungus, but only at a time when it has not yet emerged from the egg shell. It is used in folk medicine for a number of diseases.

Apparently, the Red Book mushrooms can be not only edible, but also inedible, and poisonous.