Missile system Iskander. Iskander-M (missile complex): characteristics

The modern geopolitical situation is such that for the preservation of sovereignty and authority in international relations, the country simply needs modern weapons samples. This is especially true if we are talking about tactical nuclear complexes, which are the last guarantee of peace on the planet. Of course, the main role in deterring a potential enemy belongs to strategic missiles, but even the Iskander missile system is able to deter many from precipitate decisions.

This model of weapons was created to destroy under marching conditions insignificant targets in the enemy's echeloned defense. This is all the more important because the modern strategy of conducting military operations presupposes precisely preventive disarming strikes that will not allow a likely enemy to use his nuclear weapons. In addition, it is possible to suppress its missile defense system in a timely manner.

Terms of creation

It was created in conditions when the USSR and the US signed an agreement on limiting the number of tactical nuclear warheads (INF). It happened in 1987. At the same time, potential adversaries agreed to completely abandon the use of nuclear weapons in the context of future combat operations.

It was because of this that a huge number of requirements were presented to the new complex: it required a complete abandonment of nuclear damaging elements, it was necessary to provide practically the jeweler accuracy of the shooting, coupled with the maximum possible controllability of the missile. In addition, specialists were required to provide the greatest possible degree of automation of both the missile's flight and its launch.

Not least because of this, the Iskander missile complex in Kaliningrad made a real "furore" in the ranks of the Baltic politicians, who panicked about the new threat looming over their sovereignty.

The role of satellite navigation systems

The main requirement, which corresponds to the realities of the present, was the possibility of using data obtained from satellite positioning systems (Glonass, NAVSTAR). The new complex required the ability to hit even moving armored targets with high efficiency, possess the highest possible rate of fire, and also to overcome the deeply echeloned missile defense of the enemy.

First experience

The ready-made Iskander missile system was first tested in 2007. The then prime minister, S. Ivanov, reported to the president that the deviation from the goal did not exceed one meter. These highest rates were fully confirmed after studying the data from all the visual controls that were involved in the tests that day.

All this splendor was created in the KBM, Kolomna. This design bureau is known all over the world, because it is from here that the "Tochka", "Strela" and "Osa" complexes began their "career", as well as other samples of domestic SAMs of different generations. Other elements were manufactured in the Central Design Bureau Titan (launch system), Central Research Institute of Automation and Hydraulics (the most important automatic projectile guidance system).

What is it for?

As we have already said, the Iskander missile system was created specifically for targeted attacks against targets deeply hidden behind the enemy's defenses, protected by modern missile defense systems.

The following objects can act as targets:

• Artillery and missile complexes of the enemy, large concentrations of armored vehicles.
• Means of ABM.
• Aviation compounds, at the time of basing at the aerodromes.
• All command and communication complex.
• Large objects of infrastructure, the loss of which will have a painful effect on the enemy.
• Other important objects in enemy territory.

Since the Iskander air defense missile system is characterized by low visibility and very high speed of its preparation for launch, it poses a very serious threat to all potential enemies.

What is part of the Iskander?

The complex includes the following important elements: self-propelled launch, missiles for it, machine for transportation and charging of shells. In addition, there is a separate complex for repair and maintenance of all equipment, a headquarters and a special machine for analyzing the information received, as well as training tools for personnel.

Characteristics of the rocket used

The tactical missile system "Iskander" considered by us uses a solid-propellant rocket with one stage, in which the head part in flight is not separated. Despite the vigorous maneuvering in flight, the projectile can be controlled by the operator from the command post all the way through its path. Particularly agile the product is different at the start and when approaching the target, when the missile is under overloads of 30G. Since missile defense systems must fly to it at a speed of two times higher, currently there are simply no effective countermeasures to Iskander.

The shell of the shells is made by a special technique, reducing its visibility for the enemy SAM. In addition, most of the way the rocket does, being at an altitude of more than 50 km, which also reduces the chances of its timely interception ten times. Invisibility for radars is provided by special coatings, the composition of which is classified.

This explains the triumph of domestic industry, when the "Iskander" was adopted. The missile complex (Kaliningrad and the entire Western military district is already equipped) of this type must soon be received by all military formations in the country.

Principles of aiming at a target

The launch of the missile on the target is carried out by the operators of the complex, after which a complicated homing system enters the case. The equipment in flight scans the terrain, forming its digital model. It is constantly compared with the standard of the image, which was loaded into the memory of the rocket before the flight.

The optical homing head is characterized by excellent protection from jamming systems, as well as an excellent ability to recognize targets in virtually any environment. This allows you to hit a mobile target (with an error of not more than a couple of meters) in a completely moonless night. Such precision in such conditions can not be realized by any of the missile fire systems in NATO's arsenal.

For this, Iskander does not like it. The missile system in Syria, delivered there in December last year, immediately allowed to reduce the intensity of passions and helped the legitimate government with the displacement of anti-people forces from the territory of the country. In addition, the Russian side received valuable information on the combat use of the latest missiles.

"Independent" rocket

Despite the fact that under normal conditions the Iskander missile system can be guided by signals from satellites of global positioning systems, under appropriate conditions its operators will perfectly manage without them. Electron-optical guidance systems are so precise that they can ensure the defeat of targets in practically any given conditions.

By the way, the Iskander homing system, if necessary, is easily installed even on ballistic nuclear missiles, which makes the prospects of the potential adversary really quite unhappy. Because of this, the Russian Iskander missile system has a very ominous reputation in the West, although its characteristics clearly do not reach those of intercontinental nuclear ammunition.

Characteristics of the combat unit

The designers have laid down the possibility of using ten different types of ammunition at once. They include cluster bombs with elements of non-contact detonation, combat elements with a cumulative effect, cluster ammunition with homing elements, as well as simple high explosive, fragmentation and incendiary varieties. If a missile with self-guided elements is used, they will hit multiple targets, tearing at a height of six to ten meters above them.

The shell itself in combat position weighs almost four tons, and the weight of the combat unit itself is 480 kg. Thus, the Iskander-K missile system is one of the most powerful means of non-nuclear deterrence that are in the arsenal of our army.

Characteristics of other elements

The self-propelled plant for launching allows simultaneous transportation of up to two missiles, allowing them to be launched at an angle of up to 90 degrees relative to the terrain. It is located on a wheeled chassis with the formula 8x8, which can pass even through places where roads are completely absent (MAZ-79306 "Astrologer"). Among other things, this ensures the maximum possible mobility of the complex even in wartime.

Some characteristics of controls and guidance

The installation can independently determine the coordinates of its location, exchange information with all elements of the Iskander, provides single and multiple launch rockets. The time from arrival to the volley is no more than 20 minutes, provided the calculated calculation, and between the launches of shells takes no more than one minute. This makes Iskander missile system, the characteristics of which are already impressive, a very dangerous means of attack.

Starting positions do not need to be prepared. In addition, the calculation does not need to leave the cabin: after receiving the order, specialists stop the Iskander in the given square, prepare all the systems and make a volley. The only exception is the swampy terrain, where it is necessary to prepare a more or less stable launch pad. After the startup, the machine retreats to pre-designated positions for recharging.

Thus, Iskander-M is a new-generation missile system that provides reliable protection of state sovereignty.

Information about the chassis and other machines

The weight of the chassis is 42 tons, the weight of the transported payload is not less than 19 tons, along the highway and the country road with a hard surface speed is 70 (40) km / h. At only the gas station Iskander can drive at least 1000 km. The usual number of calculations is three people, but in wartime, their number can be increased.

The machine for transportation and loading is also assembled on the chassis MAZ-79306 ("Astrologer"). Equipped with a crane with hydromechanical loading mechanism. The mass is exactly 40 tons, for service there will be personnel in the number of two people.

Headquarters complex

The heart of the whole complex is the command and staff car. It is produced on the basis of KAMAZ vehicles. Information exchange between all the elements of the "Iskander" can be carried out both in the usual and deeply encrypted mode. The speed of information exchange in the latter case does not suffer in any way.

The headquarters complex is equipped with four completely automated places for operators, the maximum distance of data transfer between the machines is 350 kilometers for cars in the parking lot and 50 kilometers in the conditions of the combat march. The time of continuous operation of all elements of the guidance and control system is of the order of two days.

Mechanical machine

As in the previous case, it is based on the chassis of the KamAZ vehicles. It is designed to check the status of missiles both in the launcher itself and in transport containers, it allows to check and repair all instruments and mechanisms of the complex without resorting to its transportation to the place of permanent deployment. The machine weighs only 13.5 tons, is deployed in less than 20 minutes, the time for testing all systems and mechanisms does not exceed 18 minutes. Serves a complex of two people.

In general, the Iskander missile system, the TTX of which we disclose, has a rare maintainability even in the most extreme conditions.

Point of collection, analysis and preparation of information

This machine serves for the collection and analysis of information, which is intended for the introduction of missiles into the on-board computer. There are two automated workstations for operators that can track and transmit the coordinates of the targets being attacked in one to two minutes. Can carry continuous combat duty for 16 hours.

Finally, the life support car. Can be performed on the chassis of any commercially produced truck, serves for rest and meals for up to eight people at a time.

Key features of the complex

Its main advantage is how and by whom Iskander-M was created. The missile complex is constructed by outstanding designers on the basis of all the data accumulated by the Soviet and Russian armies. At the moment, it significantly exceeds not only all previous domestic developments, but also all competing foreign models.

In general, the Iskander air defense missile system has a number of key features:

• Incredibly accurate damage to even small and well-defended targets.
• Sneakiness and rapid deployment make him an extremely dangerous opponent.
• The combat mission can be effectively carried out even in conditions of active counteraction of the enemy.
• Excellent tactical maneuverability and patency, provided with high characteristics of transport chassis.
• The highest degree of automation of all combat processes.
• Long service life and simplicity even field repair.

In addition, the Iskander operational and tactical missile system fully meets all the requirements set by international treaties on the nonproliferation of certain types of weapons. In local conflicts, it can be considered as a deterrent, and for countries with a small territory it should be the main type of missile weapon. The structure of the complex assumes the possibility of further modification, which guarantees Iskander long service on the guard of state interests.

Other positive points

The control and guidance system is deeply integrated with similar equipment of all similar complexes that are in service with the state. Can receive information not only from a data collection and processing machine, but also from a reconnaissance aircraft, UAV or other equipment. The flight task is calculated almost instantly. The command for combat launch can be given not only by the commander of the complex, but also by the higher military command from closed positions.

Since one Iskander carries two missiles on board, and between their volleys it does not take two minutes, the power of a fully equipped division of these batches is comparable to that of a small country. In principle, with the correct choice of ammunition, this example of weapons is quite equivalent to a nuclear weapon of short range.