I-beam: dimensions. I-beam wooden beam

Beams are used in construction when assembling roofs, floors, floors , etc. There are a variety of types. The most durable type is the I-beam, a special construction that repeats the letter "H" in section. This building material can be made of metal or wood.

Metal I-beam

With the release of this type of rolled metal, both carbon and low-alloy steel can be used. I-beams are used in many spheres of civil and industrial construction. Usually, this material is used in case it is necessary to impart increased strength and rigidity to the frame of the structure or to some of its parts. There are I-beams welded and manufactured by hot rolling. The latter are most popular.

By the strength of this material there is one more advantage. I- beam floor beams are very resistant to temperature fluctuations. Therefore, they are often used also in the construction of unheated rooms.

Scope of application

In general, the I-beam, whose dimensions can be different, is used in construction when constructing ceilings of industrial and civil buildings. Also, this type of rolled metal is often used for assembling bridges and for reinforcing mines. Very wide use of this material found in the car building and automotive industry.

Types of I-beams

This type of rolled metal is classified not only by the method of manufacture, but also by the design features. The I-beam can have both parallel shelves and angled ones. In the latter case, the rolling is divided into:

• special,
• Normal (with a slope of shelves from 6 to 12%).

Special I-Beams (GOST 19425-74), in turn, are classified into:

• Designed for reinforcement of shafts (marked with the letter "C");
• Used in the manufacture of suspension ways (the letter "M").

Beams with parallel shelves (GOST 26020-83) are divided into:

• Normal (marked "B"),
• Broadband (W),
• Column (K).

Also, the metal I-beams may differ in the thickness of the shelves and the wall.

I-beam: dimensions

The height in the cross section of this type of rolled metal can also be different. This indicator is regulated by GOSTs, and it can be determined by the number of the beam. So, the material with a height of 140 mm will be marked as 14C, 360 mm - 36M, etc.

Specific dimensions of the structural elements of this type of rolled metal are determined by special tables. Of these, one can know the weight of the I-beam.

Legend:

• B - shelf width,
• T is its average thickness,
• S is the wall thickness,
• H is the height of the I-beam,
• R is the radius of the inner curvature,
• R- radius of curvature of the shelf.

Beams I-beams wooden

This kind of building material, like metal, is characterized by increased strength and excellent performance characteristics. The bridge of the I-beam is usually made of plywood or OSB, the shelf is made of planed sawn timber. There is also a glued variety. In this case, multilayer veneer acts as the edges. Glued I-beams are less prone to rotting. In addition, they are more fire resistant.

I connect the I-beams from the tree with special brackets. The latter consist of parallel metal plates and a fixing device. Fasteners can have different sizes. If necessary, it will not be difficult to get an option ideally suited to the height of this particular beam.

Scope of use

I-beams are used mainly in the construction of frame-panel buildings. Also, this material often serves as a support for the overlapping of brick, block and monolithic concrete houses. The floors laid on the lags of this species are distinguished by their high rigidity, they do not creak and never bend.

When building large-sized roofs of I-beams, rafters and a skate can be made. This relatively new material can successfully replace the traditionally used for this purpose wooden beams, metal forms, reinforced concrete slabs. Usually the manufacturer gives a guarantee on the I-beams on the entire service lines of the building itself.

Advantages of the material

Advantages I-beam wooden beam has a lot. This material is distinguished by such qualities as:

• Strength. I-beams can be installed in very long apertures.
• Stability of form. Such beams do not bend and are not susceptible to shrinkage and deformation.
• Ease of installation. Processing this building material can be a usual carpenter's tool.
• Versatility. You can use beams with two shelves when erecting floors, ceilings, walls, roofs, etc.
• Ease. The weight of the I-beam made of wood is only 3-4 kg. To raise such an element, for example, the roof does not require special equipment. Only two people can do this.
• Low cost.

Material dimensions

When building buildings, a different I-beam can be used. Its dimensions, most often used in construction, are:

• Length - 241, 302, 356, 406 mm,
• Shelf width - 64 mm,
• The thickness of the shelf is 38 mm.

Since this material is often used for assembling ceilings in very wide openings, it sometimes has to be increased. According to SNiP this is allowed. At the junctions of two beams, locks are fixed. Additional fastening is made on bolts.

In general, building materials are very strong and high-quality - I-beam wooden beams. GOST, as in the case of the metallic variety, regulates the ratio of the height and dimensions of the elements of this type of supports. You can see them in special tables.

How to make an I-beam at home

If desired, this design can be made at home. To do this, you need two bars with a section of at least 35x25 mm. The jumper is made of plywood or OSB. Also need an electric or chainsaw. The work is done in the following order:

• First, a furrow with a depth of 10% of the height of the bridge is sawed along the length of the uneven bars.
• Then they are cut into pieces of the necessary length and ground.
• Then glue is applied to the bottom of each furrow.
• The joists are joined in pairs using plywood or OSB.

At the final stage, the finished beam must be put under the press. You can also make it yourself. For this, a channel is used. They are installed above the shelves and pulled together with carabiners or belts.

The construction material produced in this way will be much cheaper than the purchased I-beam. The price for the latter can fluctuate around 200-250 rubles. Collected independently will cost 1.5-3 times cheaper.

Aluminum I-beams

The building material of this type also has an increased strength. An I-beam aluminum beam is usually made from alloy AD31. This variety is most often used in the construction of houses. Also produced aluminum beams from the alloy 1915. This type is characterized by increased strength. Aluminum beams are stronger than wood and lighter than steel.

Varieties of material

There are aluminum I-beams:

• Hardened,
• Annealed,
• Aged.

The coating of the material can be paint, anodized, powdered, electrophoresis, two-layered complex. Under the conditions of application, aluminum I-beams, like steel, can be divided into wide, column and normal. The marking in this case is the same.

Dimensions

The I-beam can also have different sizes. Dimensions and in this case are determined by GOST. The marking is also made accordingly. The height of the aluminum beam can vary from 10 to 100 cm. In the first case, the shelf in accordance with GOST will have a width of 55 mm, thickness - 4.5 mm. Determine the ratio of the parameters in each specific case can be found from the tables.