How does a septic tank work in a private house?

If you decide to supplement the villa site with a sewage system, then this question will be related to the choice of the septic species. To date, several types of such devices are known, each of which has its pluses and minuses - they should be taken into account when choosing. This will determine the functioning and effectiveness of the entire sewage system.

General principle of work

Quite often, the owners of suburban real estate are wondering about how the septic tank works. The design looks like a system of several cameras. The first one is called a settler and takes sewage from the sewer system. The effluents are filtered at this stage or decomposed. The process depends on the type of construction.

Under the influence of bacteria, the effluents decompose into:

• Clarified water;
• Gas fraction;
• Yl.

Then water enters the filtration well, while the ventilation holes allow the gases to escape. If you have wondered about how a septic tank works, you should know that it has another filter well, which has a special device. The third compartment has a drainage layer and walls in which holes are made. The water coming in is then sent to the ground. This principle allows the effluents to decompose into components that do not harm the environment.

The principle of the functioning of the system is based on the use of sedimentation processes and biological methods of processing. Domestic wastewater enters a sedimentation tank, which must have a large volume to accommodate wastes generated in a few days. It will take so long for the heavy inclusions to be at the bottom of the chamber. If you have a question about how a septic tank works, then you should know that in the next stage the water enters the tank through the drain pipes. Inside this compartment are anaerobic bacteria, which promote the decomposition of organic complex compounds into simple fractions.

Additional features

The activity of these microorganisms is accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide and heat, which are discharged through the ventilation pipes. Once household waste leaves the tank, they are sent to the soil filter. To do this, a filtering well or fields are used, which are made from rubble and sand. The method used to clean domestic sewage affects the operating principle and the device.

Depending on this equipment can be divided into the following types:

• With deep biological purification;
• With soil cleaning.

Use of a system with soil after-treatment

Quite often summer residents are wondering about how the septic tank works. If it is a system with a soil after-treatment, the principle of its operation is based on gravity. As practice shows, household liquid effluents consist of water by 99%. The remaining percentage is harmful impurities, for their filtration, purification local facilities are needed .

Such equipment is characterized by a simple design and a primitive operating principle. The septic tank has a capacity and a filtration field. The first is divided into several parts, between each other they are connected by a pipeline system.

System with deep biological purification

If you have a question about what a septic tank is and how it works, you should consider in more detail systems with deep biological purification. They have a slightly different principle of operation. Such structures are built on the principle of ALL-IN. The equipment has one unit, inside which are several cameras and special equipment.

The first stage of processing, as in the above-described case, consists in upholding household liquid effluents. At this stage, they are released from extraneous large inclusions. Water in the next stage enters the chamber, where it is exposed to bacteria. For their life, oxygen is required, which is supplied by an air compressor. This makes it possible to accelerate the process of splitting compounds into safe fractions. As a result, a certain volume of activated sludge is formed, which can be used even for fertilization.

If you have wondered about how a septic tank works in a private home, you should know that deep post-treatment allows biological filtration. At the output, water is obtained, released by 98% of harmful impurities. Therefore, it can be used even for economic purposes, excluding costly measures aimed at the installation of filtration wells and filtration fields. This removes the significant cost of local treatment facilities.

Principle of action "Topas"

Recently, the septic "Topaz" is quite common. How this system works will be described below. The basis of functioning is the activity of microorganisms. Their effect allows organic compounds to be disinfected, disintegrated and processed into sludge.

In the first stage, the effluents enter the chamber where the first stage of purification takes place. Large fractions and impurities, as in the above-described case, are eliminated. At the next stage, water enters the aeration tank with airlift. Sector two is the main part of the system where active bacteria are located. Here, the destruction of harmful substances, which managed to overcome the first stage.

Consumers often wonder about how the septic tank "Topas" works. As for silt, the latter occurs when waste is processed and acts as a binder between particles of foreign bodies. All the liquid then enters the sector 3, which is called the pyramid. At this stage, the sludge settles to the bottom, and the purified water enters the sector 4. The main feature of servicing such septic tanks is the need for periodic removal of the silt that accumulates in the sump. Recycling is quite simple, it does not require special knowledge.

Principle of operation of the "Termit" system

If you want to consider the septic "Termite" as a system for your dacha, you should become more familiar with the principle of its work. At the heart of the operation is the cleaning and soil filtration of waste. Initially, sewage flows to the chamber, where part of the elements precipitate. Then the sewage passes into the second chamber, where the floating fractions and sediment can not enter. This allows mechanical settling by sedimentation.

In each succeeding chamber, the heavy particles become smaller. If you have a question about how the Termite septic tank works, you should know that in the last chamber some part of the effluents decomposes under the influence of bacteria and rises through the filter to the surface, this approach provides a 70% purification.

In a special structure, purified and clarified water enters the next stage. It is exposed to the irrigator. At the final stage, cleaning is provided by soil filtration. Bacteria in the soil cleave organic elements under the influence of oxygen. They are harmless to the environment and are cleaned by 95%.

Operation of the system in winter

If you are puzzled by the question of how a septic tank works in winter, before you install a wastewater treatment plant, you should become more familiar with the information below. In order for the equipment to continue to function efficiently, the tank, filtration fields and pipes should be damped onto the ground freezing line or insulated. In this case, worry about the correct operation of the system in the winter will not have to.

The user should remember that the septic tank must be operated continuously. Otherwise, without additional insulation, you can not guarantee that the sewage system will not freeze. It can only melt down in the spring. In order to protect yourself, you can make temporary hydro and thermal insulation of the site above the pipes, filtration fields and septic.

How pipes work in winter

To the question of whether a septic tank remains operative in winter or not, it is necessary to add doubts of suburban real estate owners about whether the pipes continue to function at low temperatures. The system does not freeze if the pipes are covered by 0.5 m and set at a certain angle, when the water will drain by gravity. If the septic tank is to be used all winter, it will be replenished with sewage, the temperature of which is much higher than zero. Therefore, if the technology is observed, you can be sure that the pipes will function properly and not be blocked by an ice stopper.

Conclusion

Now you know how the septic tank works. However, if its functioning is relevant to you only in the summer, then for the winter the system should be preserved. From the tank for this, the water is completely pumped out, it is important to remove sediments that could cause the appearance of an unpleasant odor. Before pumping it is necessary to buy bacteria that are poured into the sewer two weeks before cleaning.