The jump in height is a complex athletic discipline in the coordination plan. It is carried out after the preliminary run of the athlete. The athlete has high requirements for physical fitness. Jumpers are four main phases of the jump, which constitute the very process of its implementation. Everything starts with a take-off, after which there is a repulsion with a further flight across the bar. The process ends with a landing.
As for world achievements in such discipline as high jump, the record for women now belongs to the Bulgarian S. Kostadinova, and for men to the Cuban player H. Sotomayor. Gymnasts overcame the slats, which were installed at an altitude of 209 cm and 245 cm, respectively. In an effort to improve performance, experts develop all kinds of techniques and methods of jumping, which will be discussed later.
First, let's talk about the old methods. The oldest and simplest type of jumping is gymnastic. Its principle is that the swing leg of the athlete moves through the bar after a take-off at a right angle. In this case, the landing of the jumper takes place on two legs. For a long time, the jump in height was carried out by another way, called "scissors". The essence of it is that the fly leg after the athlete's run at an angle of 40 degrees sharply throws itself over the bar, and in parallel with it the leg that repels is transferred. In connection with the high location of the center of gravity of the body, high results using this method is almost impossible to achieve. The jump in height, which is called "wave", is a variation of the previous one and its continuation, but now nobody uses this technique.
Special attention should be paid to the method of jumping, called "roll". It is one of the most rational species. Its main feature is that the jumper is repelled by a foot that is closer to the bar. After the thrust, the foot of the leg takes a straightened state. At the same time, the torso rotates with the pushing to the breast of the jogging leg. The run takes place at an angle of 45 degrees, and the athlete stretches along the bar and moves through it sideways. When the jump in height is carried out in this way, the landing takes place on both hands and a jogging leg.
In the course of the development of this technique, one more variety appeared. It was called "jump jump" and it amounts to the fact that the gymnast turns the body more and overcomes the bar in the position downward with the belly. The run angle here, in contrast to the "roll-over", is up to 40 degrees.
The most common and popular now is the method by which most professional gymnasts perform high jumps - the "flop" technique. It was first shown by V. Fesbury at the Mexican Olympic Games in 1968. When using it, the athlete performs a run on an imaginary arc with a radius of about 12 meters on his toes, which allows to reduce the center of gravity. Essentially helps with this swing hands. The thrust is very powerful due to the high horizontal speed that was developed during the takeoff run. First, the gymnast in the flight is back to the bar. Further, the jogging leg in the knee bends, and the hip of the mahovaya straightens. By deflecting the lumbar part of the athlete's back while he moves over the bar, a high jump provides a very economical transition.