Heroes of the War of 1812 (list)

War - a very terrible thing, even the very word it causes the most terrible associations.

Patriotic War of 1812

The war of 1812 took place between Russia and France because of violations of the Tilsit peace treaty signed by both sides. And although it did not last long, almost every battle was extremely bloody and ruinous for both sides. The initial alignment of forces was as follows: six hundred thousand soldiers from France and two hundred and forty thousand from Russia. The outcome of the war was evident from the very beginning. But those who believed that the Russian Empire would lose, were deeply mistaken. On December 25, 1812, Emperor Alexander the First signed an appeal to citizens, in which the victorious conclusion of the war was reported.

Heroes of old times

The heroes of the war of 1812 look at us from the pages of history textbooks. Whom you take - all the majestic portraits, and what is behind them? With pompous poses and magnificent uniforms? Boldly go into battle against the enemies of the Fatherland - this is a real feat. In the war against Napoleonic troops in 1812, many worthy and wonderful young heroes fought and died. Their names are honored to this day. Portraits of the heroes of the war of 1812 are the faces of those who did not regret anything for the sake of the common good. Take responsibility for command and control, as well as for success or, conversely, defeat on the battlefield and eventually win the war - that's the ultimate feat. This article tells about the most famous participants of the Patriotic War of 1812 , about their deeds and accomplishments.

So, who are they - heroes of the war of 1812? Photo portraits of famous personalities, presented below, will help fill in the gaps in the knowledge of native history.

M. I. Kutuzov (1745-1813)

When the heroes of the war of 1812 are mentioned, then of course Kutuzov comes to mind first. The most famous student of Suvorov, a talented military commander, strategist and tactician. Born Golenishchev-Kutuzov (real family name) in the family of clan nobles, whose roots were still from the princes of Novgorod. Mikhail's father was a military engineer, and he influenced in many respects the future choice of a profession by his son. From a young age Mikhail Illarionovich was strong in health, mindful and courteous in his treatment. But the main thing is still his undeniable talent in military affairs, which was noted by the teachers in it. He was educated, of course, with a military bias. He graduated from the artillery and engineering school with honors. For a long time he even taught at his alma mater.

However, about his contribution to the victory: the Earl, the most illustrious prince Kutuzov at the time of the war was already in his old age. He was elected commander first of St. Petersburg, and then the Moscow militia. It was he who had the idea of giving up Moscow, thus making a gambit like in chess. Many generals who participated in this war were practically brought up by Kutuzov, and his word in Fili was decisive. The war was won largely thanks to his cunning and skill in military tactics. For this act he was granted on behalf of the tsar to the rank of general-field marshal, and also became prince of Smolensk. The great commander lived after the victory not for long, only a year. But the fact that Russia did not submit to this war is entirely due to MI Kutuzov. Enumeration of the list of "People's heroes of the war of 1812" is most appropriate to begin with this person.

D. P. Neverovsky (1771 - 1813)

A nobleman, but not of the most famous kind, began to serve as the Private Semenovsky regiment of Neverovsky . By the beginning of the war of 1812 he was already the chief of the Pavlovsky regiment of grenadiers. He was sent to defend Smolensk, where he met with the enemy. Murat himself, who headed the French under Smolensk, wrote in his memoirs that he had never seen such dedication. These lines were dedicated precisely to DP Neverovsky. After waiting for help, Dmitry Petrovich made the transition to Smolensk, which glorified him. Then he participated in the battle of Borodino, but was shell-shocked.

In 1812 he received the rank of Lieutenant-General. Even after the injury did not stop fighting, his division in the war suffered the greatest losses. Only this is not from an unreasonable command, but rather from selflessness and dedication in the most difficult positions. As a true hero, Neverovsky died of his wounds in Halle. Later reburied in the Borodino field, like many heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812.

M.B. Barclay de Tolly (1761 - 1818)

This name during the Patriotic War for a long time was associated with cowardice, treachery and retreat. And very undeservedly.

This hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 came from an ancient Scottish clan, but parents at an early age sent the boy to study in Russia, where his uncle lived and served. It was he who in many ways helped the young man to obtain military education. Mikhail Bogdanovich independently attained the rank of officer at the age of sixteen. At the beginning of the war with Napoleon, he was appointed commander of the first Western army.

An interesting personality was this commander. Absolutely unpretentious, he could sleep in the open air and eat with simple soldiers, he was very simple to handle. But kept in view of the nature and, perhaps, the origin with all the cold. In addition, he was very cautious in military affairs, and his numerous retreat maneuvers are explained. But this was necessary: he thoughtlessly wasted human lives and, as he himself observed, did not have the right to do so.

He was in the post of Minister of War, and all the "bumps" from military failures fell on him. Bagration in his memoirs will write that during the battle of Borodino Mikhail Bogdanovich seemed to be trying to die.

Nevertheless, the idea of withdrawing from Moscow will come from him, Kutuzov will support her. And, no matter how it was, Barclay de Tolly would be right. He personally participated in many battles, with his example showing the soldiers how to fight for their country. Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly was a real son of Russia. The gallery of the heroes of the war of 1812 was replenished with this name.

I. F. Paskevich (1782-1856)

The son of very rich landlords living near Poltava. Everybody had a different career for him, but he saw himself from childhood only as a military leader, so it all happened. Having proved himself best in wars with Persia and Turkey, he was also ready for a war with France. Kutuzov himself once introduced him to the tsar as his most talented young general.

He participated in the army of Bagration, wherever he fought, did it on conscience, sparing neither himself nor the enemy. Distinguished under Smolensk and in the battle of Borodino. He was later awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the second degree. It was St. Vladimir for the most part awarded the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812.

PI Bagration (1765-1812)

This hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 came from an ancient royal Georgian family, in his youth he served in the Musketeer regiment. And even took part in the battles of the Russo-Turkish war. He studied military art from Suvorov himself, for his valor and diligence was extremely beloved commander.

During the war with the French led the second Western army. I also went on a retreat near Smolensk. At the same time, he was extremely opposed to withdrawing without a fight. I also took part in Borodino. At the same time, this battle became fatal for Peter Ivanovich. He was seriously wounded, and before that he fought heroically and twice with the soldiers threw the enemy away from his positions. The wound was extremely serious, he was transferred to the estate of a friend, where he died at a speed. Twenty-seven years later his ashes will be returned to the Borodino field to be buried with honors in the land for which he did not regret anything.

AP Ermolov (1777-1861)

This general was at that time literally known to everyone, his success was followed by all of Russia, and they were proud of him. Very brave, strong-willed, talented. He participated not in one, but in three whole wars with Napoleonic troops. Kutuzov himself very much appreciated this man.

He was the organizer of the defense near Smolensk, personally reported to the king about all the details of the battles, was very much distressed by the retreat, but he understood all his need. He even tried to reconcile two opposing generals: Barclay de Tolly and Bagration. But in vain: they will be at enmity to death.

Brighter in all this war, he showed himself in the battle of Maloyaroslavtsev. He did not leave Napoleon any other way, except for a retreat along the already ruined Smolensk road.

And although the relationship with the command due to the ardent nature at the end of the war went wrong, yet the importance of his actions and courage in the battles to belittle no one dared. General Ermolov took a proper place in the list, which lists generals - heroes of the war of 1812.

DS Dohturov (1756-1816)

Another hero of the war of 1812. The future general was born in a family where military traditions were highly revered. All his male relatives were military, so it was not necessary to choose a life. And in fact, in this field he was accompanied only by luck. The great Empress Catherine the First presented him with a sword for achievements during the Russian-Swedish war with a pompous inscription: "For Bravery."

He fought under Austerlitz, where, again, he showed courage and courage: he broke through with his army through the encirclement. Personal courage did not save him from wounds during the war of 1805, but the wounds did not stop this man and did not prevent him from joining the ranks of the Russian army during the war of 1812.

Near Smolensk, he fell seriously ill with a cold, but this did not take him from his direct duties. To each of his soldiers, Dmitry Sergeevich treated with great care and participation, he was able to bring order to the ranks of his subordinates. This is what he showed at Smolensk.

The surrender of Moscow to him was given extremely hard, because the general was a patriot. And he did not want to even give a handful of land to the enemy. But I endured this loss steadfastly, continuing to try for the sake of my Motherland. He showed himself to be a real hero and near Maloyaroslavets, fighting alongside the troops of General Yermolov. After one of the battles Kutuzov met Dokhturov with the words: "Let me embrace you, hero!"

N. N. Raevsky (1771 - 1813)

A nobleman, a hereditary military man, a talented commander, a general from the cavalry. Career began and developed in this man so rapidly that in the middle of his life he was already ready to retire, but he could not. The threat from France was too great for talented generals to sit out at home.

It was the troops of Nikolai Nikolaevich who had the honor of retaining the enemy's army, while other parts would not unite. He fought at Saltanovka, his units were discarded, but still time was won. He fought at Smolensk, at Borodino. In the final battle, it was on his flank that the main blow fell, which he and his soldiers staunchly resisted.

Later it will be very successful to operate under Tarutin and Maloyaroslavets. For which he will receive the Order of St. George of the third degree. Unfortunately, in the speed of sickness and very seriously, so that it will finally have to give up military affairs.

PA Tuchkov (1769-1858)

Not much is known about him. He came from a military dynasty and served under his father for a long time. Since 1800, he served in the rank of major general.

Ryano fought near the small village of Valutina Gora, then personally took command near the Strogan River. Boldly went into battle against the army of French Marshal Ney, but was wounded and was captured. He was introduced to Napoleon as a Russian general, and the emperor, admiring the courage of this man, ordered to return his sword. The end of the war, victorious for Russia, met, unfortunately, in captivity, but was released in 1814 and continued to work for the good of the Fatherland.

A. A. Skalon (1767 - 1812)

The hero of the war of 1812, he was from an old French family, but only his ancestors had long moved to Russia, and he did not know any other Fatherland. For a long time he served in the Preobrazhensky, and then in the Semyonovsky regiment.

Against France, Skalon began military operations only in 1812, when the generals were extremely short, and until now the emperor, knowing about his roots, removed Anton Antonovich from interfering in the war with France. Participated in the battle of Smolensk, and this day for the general-major was the last. He was killed, Skalon's body fell into the enemy, but with honors was betrayed to the land at the behest of Napoleon himself.

Real Heroes

Of course, these are not all the heroes of the war of 1812. A list of glorious and decent people could be continued indefinitely. And you can tell more about their exploits. The main thing is that they all did not spare their strength or health, and many lives for the main task - to win the war. It's so amazing - to understand that once the real heroes are not on the book pages, but really performed feats only for the sake of the Fatherland flourishing. And it is not surprising that monuments to the heroes of the war of 1812 were erected all over the country. Such people must be honored and remembered, they must live forever. Honor to them and glory!