HealthDiseases and Conditions

Heart Mixoma: Diagnosis and Treatment

Mixoma heart is one of the most common neoplasms. In a number of cases, this disorder arises from a hereditary predisposition. Heart disease - myxoma - is most common among women over the age of 40 and young men.

Pathogenesis of the disease

The most common benign heart tumor in adults is myxoma, in children it is rhabdomyoma.

This disease has variable clinical manifestations, since the causes of its occurrence can be:

  1. Human papillomavirus.

  2. Einstein-Barr.

  3. Herpes.

Cardiac tumors are extremely rare. They are of two types:

  1. Primary tumors originate in the cells of connective and supporting tissue, in the walls, in the ventricles of the heart. Most of them are benign.

  2. Secondary ones form if there are tumors near the heart. Also harmful cells can get from distant organs through the blood.

In 90% of all cases, the myxoma is located in the left atrium. In some cases, this disease occurs in conjunction with others, such as adrenal diseases or benign skin tumors.

Heart moxome can be inherited, so people at risk of it need an annual examination.

Clinical picture of the disease

The symptoms are very diverse and depend on the location and size of the tumor. Neoplasm can lead to heart failure. If the tumor is located in the walls, then heart failure may occur.

Classic signs of the disease:

  • Persistent problems with breathing;

  • dizziness;

  • cardiopalmus;

  • Shortness of breath during any physical activity;

  • chest pain;

  • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea;

  • sudden death.

There may be a general weakness. A tumor can affect the function of the heart valves, or a small part of it can come off and with the blood flow into the lungs, the brain and clog the blood vessel. In this case, the patient is waiting for a stroke - this is the first sign that a person has developed a myxoma of the heart. Symptoms manifest themselves in different ways, the following additional symptoms may appear:

  • General discomfort;

  • fever;

  • Swelling of any part of the body;

  • cough;

  • Pain in the joints;

  • Sensitive fingers, changing their color;

  • Cyanosis of the skin.

Also, when there is a disturbance of the heart rhythm, fainting and the onset of seizures may occur. But they appear very rarely.

Among the victims, who found a secondary form of the disease, was weight loss, increased sweating.

Basic methods for detecting a disease

The best and simplest method of diagnosis is ultrasound of the heart, called in professional language echocardiography. With its help you can see the tumor size, position and mobility.

There are two ways to do this research:

  1. Using an ultrasound probe through the thorax. The method is well suited to find out where the myxoma of the heart is located. Diagnosis also determines the size of the tumor.

  2. The second option is the so-called transesophageal echocardiography. In the procedure, a small ultrasound probe is inserted through the mouth into the esophagus. This examination is carried out under mild anesthesia to exclude a vomitive reflex. This procedure is also suitable for the diagnosis of malignant tumors, such as sarcoma.

At the present time, computer and magnetic resonance imaging for cardiac examination are increasingly being used.

To confirm the diagnosis of atrial myxoma, doctors recommend taking a few tests:

  • Level of troponin;

  • Roentgenogram of the chest;

  • ECG;

  • Cardiac catheterization;

  • The level of electrolytes in the blood;

  • Pulse oximetry.

Differential diagnostics

A heart miksoma requires a thorough medical examination. Including such a procedure as the study of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion by scanning. It is carried out in order to exclude pulmonary embolism as the main cause of the disease.

Differential diagnosis is necessary to distinguish symptoms from other medical conditions, such as:

  • Primary pulmonary hypertension;

  • Insufficiency of the tricuspid valve;

  • Mitral regurgitation;

  • Mitral stenosis;

  • Tricuspid stenosis.

Open heart surgery

The best and most reasonable method of therapy is complete removal of the myxoma of the heart by surgical intervention. If the doctor suggests surgery, do not think too long. To avoid complications, treatment must be done in a timely manner.

This type of surgery is the most common method. Open heart surgery includes:

  1. Shunting.

  2. Valvuloplasty.

  3. Replacement of valves.

  4. Transplantation.

  5. Surgical intervention to correct congenital heart disease.

In the United States, surgeons perform about 750,000 open heart operations every year. This procedure requires general anesthesia and hospital stay, which ranges from three to ten days, depending on the operation. In some cases, the patient is not hospitalized for one month.

Surgical procedures

For open heart surgery, the surgeon makes a long incision in the longitudinal direction along the upper part of the sternum through the skin and tissues below it, and then sawing it to enter the chest cavity. Special retractors keep it open. In order to get to the heart, the surgeon must open the pericardium, the protective pericardial bag surrounding the heart.

Often, it is left open when the operation is completed. This is necessary to reduce the time of surgery and reduce the risk of postoperative complications.

To perform a surgical procedure, the following conditions must be met:

  • Use of artificial circulation;

  • All items must be sterilized.

After the surgery, the surgeon restores the process of blood circulation through the heart. Physicians reduce the temperature of the human body to slow the body's functions. Then, blood circulation and cardiac contractions are restored. The surgeon applies where necessary seams (they will be visible for several years).

After the myxoma of the heart was removed, the operation was successful, the patient was sent to the ward for further observation.

What complications can the patient have?

Surgical intervention does not always go without complications. Sometimes a second operation is necessary. Removing the myxoma of the heart requires a good team of surgeons and other doctors to ensure that everything is at the highest level.

Complications during the surgical procedure:

  1. Bleeding due to anticoagulants.

  2. Air embolism during cardiopulmonary bypass, which can lead to a stroke.

  3. Difficulty recovering the heart rate.

  4. The surgeon's mistake.

  5. Unexpected anatomical abnormalities not previously detected.

General complications can occur even after an operative intervention:

  1. Bleeding at the site of surgery or on the surface of surgical sutures.

  2. Infections.

  3. Blood clots that can cause pulmonary embolism, stroke.

  4. Arrhythmia.

  5. Hypertension and heart failure.

To respond quickly to any of the complications presented above, the patient is left under the supervision of medical personnel of cardiosurgical intensive care for 12-48 hours.

What happens if you do not resort to surgery?

Many patients refuse surgery. The main reason for the refusal is the fear of death on the surgical table. But if it is not done, myxoma heart will lead to a number of complications:

  1. Peripheral embolism.

  2. Arrhythmia.

  3. Pulmonary edema.

The disease is a benign neoplasm localized inside the heart. Do not neglect the symptoms, because this can lead to serious consequences.

Although the tumor is benign, it does not mean that it does not need to be treated. The growth of the neoplasm inside the heart can limit the flow of blood through the mitral valve and lead to various indicators of mitral stenosis.

If you or any member of your family is experiencing signs of illness, contact your doctor immediately.

Perspectives and lifestyle changes

The predictions after open heart surgery depend largely on the cause of the invasion. Many people after two months are back to their usual activities, but a doctor's visit is mandatory. The likelihood of complications decreases with time.

Many, on the contrary, need to make some changes in the way of life. Typically, this applies to eating and exercise. Cardiologists recommend diet and exercise every day, which are determined individually.

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