Dialectics and metaphysics as an antipode of concepts

Dialectics and metaphysics are the opposite philosophical concepts, and their methods are considered essential for the knowledge of the world. These concepts are quite multivalued and have evolved along a certain evolutionary path since its inception, but their diametricality is traced throughout the history of philosophy. They consist of a set of different techniques, which are due to common ideas about the universe. Consider what these terms mean and what are the differences between their methods.

For the first time the concept of dialectics was introduced by Socrates, he derived this word from the verb "to discuss", "to talk", as a result of which it began to mean the art of speech, argumentation, and argument. It was believed that the struggle of two views ("dia" - means two, and "lecton" - in the translation of the concept) leads to truth. Later, Plato developed this approach, believing that the dialectical technique combines and disassembles concepts, leading to their definition. Further, this term increasingly became associated with the study of the development of existence.

The ancient dialectic, the founder of which was Heraclitus, had a new meaning. It stressed the constant process of movement, which underlies everything. The ancient philosopher asserted that the fact of the variability of things contradicts the nature of their being, since the moving object exists and does not exist simultaneously (in his opinion "it is impossible to enter twice into the same water").

At the present time, dialectics implies the doctrine of laws and laws The development of society and nature, which are based on the external and internal interrelationship of all things, their constant movement and development. And development means a qualitative, that is, the withering away of the old and the emergence of a more perfect new. This transformation is due to the fact that each phenomenon has two poles that connect and deny each other (for example, male and female).

Now we learn how dialectics and metaphysics differ. Our second term at first denoted the philosophical works of Aristotle, and then for a long time under it was understood the worldview of the principles and foundation of being, which were revealed with the help of simple deductions. Then metaphysics was given a negative value (in comparison with philosophy), Because its meaning no longer coincided with new views on things, and this word began to be called various statements that were not confirmed by experience.

Supporters of this approach believed that all phenomena and objects are interconnected only externally and there is no movement or contradiction in them. Development they saw only in the physical growth (increase) of the existing immutable properties of things under the influence of external forces (for example, seeds are plants in the embryonic state and qualitatively they do not change). Here, dialectics and metaphysics differ in their opinions in opposite directions. In addition, the basic state of things, in their opinion - this is a rest from which only extraneous interference (God) can lead.

As can be seen, dialectics and metaphysics differ significantly in views on development, its sources, on the interaction of objects and their movement.