Determinism and indeterminism

Determinism and indeterminism are opposing views on the cause and interaction of all laws and processes occurring in the world. Determinism is the science of the relationship between phenomena, that is, that one phenomenon under the given circumstances and conditions produces another. It can be said that this is the science of the general causal conditioning of all processes. This philosophical doctrine shows us the existence of different forms of interaction of phenomena that do not directly contain segments of generation in one another. This includes correlations, spatial and temporal, the state of symmetry, functional dependencies. All kinds of interactions are formed on the basis of causality, without which there is no single phenomenon.

Previously, the shortcoming of this science was that it dispensed with one real causality. In it there was no nature of chance, statistical connections resisted the material determination of phenomena. Philosophical teaching could not be involved in individual branches of science about nature, namely, in social life. Only thanks to historical materialism, the realization of the ideas of determinism became possible.

Social determinism recognizes the natural nature of social life. This does not mean that the course of history is indicated in advance. Pursuing the main line of historical development, social laws do not show the diversity of activity of each individual. In public life there are various possibilities that depend in many respects on people's activities. Social determinism does not deny freedom and provides for a person's ability to target and consciously choose activities. None of the interpretations of this science does not exclude the importance of purposeful activity of the individual, that is, social laws are the laws of life. It is very important that the goals set by each person and society as a whole. Different types of social determination do not mean recognizing or denying human responsibility for the final result of social activity.

Economic determinism historically leads to a number of positions, each of which is determined by the economic part of society, the totality of production relations. The transition to the next higher position occurs because the productive forces are constantly growing and it becomes closely within the narrow framework of the former production relations. In fact, economic determinism is the material basis of society. This concept, as part of philosophy, is relevant at all times.

Determinism and indeterminism differ in that the latter is a philosophical doctrine that rejects the cognitive value of causal interpretation in science, so it dictates will as an isolated force, convinces that the laws of causality are not applied to the understanding of human choice and behavior and exposes the proponents of determinism in fatalism .

Beginning with ancient Greek philosophy and up to the present time, determinism and indeterminism are positioned as opposing doctrines on the problems of conditionality of the will of a person, his decisions, on the issue of responsibility for what he has done. There are various forms of indeterminism, but they are inclined either to deny the principle of causality, or to disapprove of the objective nature of the relationship of determination. They see the subjective line in the causality of nature, necessity, regularity: constancy and conditioning are inherent only in the perception of the world, but not in the world as a whole.

The concepts determinism and indeterminism refer to absolute categories, such as causality. In the general case, absolute categories are not definable through comparative, and vice versa. That's why they are not universal: their field of application is always something limited.