DET-250: technical characteristics, photo

The DET-250 bulldozer is a legendary machine that has been produced at the Chelyabinsk plant since 1961. The abbreviation DET stands for diesel-electric tractor. And the figure 250 means that it belongs to the traction class 250 kN. It is a multi-purpose tractor, with increased cross-country ability and a number of revolutionary (for its time) design solutions. The worthy performance characteristics of the tractor are more than eloquent testimony to the fact that it is being produced so far.

Application

The tractor was used mainly for construction work, for moving the land. The loosening equipment installed at the rear allowed the preliminary loosening of frozen, hard and stony soils for further preparation for building.

On the bulldozer it was possible to install trench and drilling equipment for excavation. Also, the machine could be used as a tractor, in logging and mining operations. Thanks to the caterpillar traction, the bulldozer could easily storm any terrain. And when equipped with wider caterpillars, he performed his tasks even in the swampy terrain.

Specifications

As already mentioned, for the 60-ies the characteristics of the tractor DET-250 were considered very worthy. The bulldozer was equipped with a 12-cylinder engine with a capacity of 300 horsepower. The 4-stroke unit had a volume of 38.9 liters and an inseparable combustion chamber. Such a large engine consumed about 45 liters of fuel per hour of operation at maximum power. The capacity of the fuel tank was 700 liters. Turbo-supercharged the engine was not equipped.

The DET-250 bulldozer was the first model of special equipment produced in the USSR, which received an electronic transmission. Thanks to this technological solution, it became possible to operate the tractor unhindered in the cold regions of the country. At the same time, the electronic transmission had a number of shortcomings. Firstly, with her the car became much heavier than similar competitors with a hydro-mechanical transmission. Secondly, the bulldozer required a more refined cooling system. Well, thirdly, the big weight has led to the need for a more powerful unit. As a consequence - increased fuel costs and the inability to use the full potential of a powerful engine.

It is interesting to note that the first samples of the DET-250 bulldozer were more like a tank than an agricultural machine. Of course, this is only an external impression. In fact, from the tank, the tractor got only a few systems, in particular, the ejection cooling of the engine with the help of the energy of the exhaust gases.

Technical characteristics of DET-250:

1. Dimensions: 6.62 / 3.18 / 3.21 m.
2. Tracked base - 4.44 m.
3. The track width is 2.45 m.
4. Ground clearance - 430 mm.
5. Weight - 32.3 tons.
6. The specific pressure on the soil is 0.56 kg / cm ² .
7. Pulling force - 25 tons.
8. Maximum speed: 3 km / h in forward and 19 km / h in reverse.

The first modernization

In 1969, the first upgrade of the basic model took place. The new tractor received the prefix "M" to the name. It was equipped with a new B-31 engine, developing 330 horsepower. The engine had 12 cylinders, like its predecessor. They were arranged in a V-shaped way. In the new engine remained an indivisible combustion chamber and direct fuel injection. At the same time, the volume of the engine decreased to 33.9 liters. Due to the fact that the power of the power plant has increased, its appetite also increased - 42.7 liters per hour of operation. Electromechanical transmission remained unchanged. The capacity of the fuel tank was reduced to 670 liters. The total weight of the bulldozer slightly decreased - up to 31 tons. In the rest the model remained the same.

Second modernization

In 1989, the second and last (at least for now) modernization of the tractor occurred. In the name of the updated bulldozer, the index "M" added figure 2. Thanks to the external update of the bulldozer, he ceased to resemble a combat vehicle. The new version was equipped with a 12-cylinder V-engine with a capacity of 323 horsepower. Its volume was 38.9 liters. The updated engine consumed 45.3 liters of fuel per hour when operating at full power. The tractor was returned to the 700-liter fuel tank, which was installed on the first version. The weight of the updated car was 32 tons. Otherwise, it did not differ from its predecessors.

Cabin

Compared with other Soviet-made tractors, the DET-250 is characterized by an increased level of cab comfort. All versions of the car had a two-seater cabin of all-metal type with an increased level of comfort. Springs, for which it was installed, leveled most of the oscillations that arise when the bulldozer is working. In the cabin was an autonomous heater, which warmed up the interior well enough even at extremely low temperatures of outside air. And in hot weather, a fan came to the operator's assistance, which was part of the basic equipment of the bulldozer.

The dashboard in the cab was convenient enough for the operator to easily track the most important indicators. And the controls were grouped and spaced across sectors, so as not to confuse the operator. The cabin was completely insulated against noise and dust, which is very important, taking into account the specificity of the use of the bulldozer. If the client wishes, the manufacturer could additionally insulate the interior. In general, the tractor could operate in the temperature range from -40 to +40 degrees.

Equipment

The DET-250 tractor was equipped with a blade of hemispherical shape. It was possible to vary the angle of cut and skew. The maximum cutting angle was 55 degrees, and the skewing was 10 degrees. The blade could move a mass of up to 10.5 m ³ . The width of the blade was 4.25 m and the height was 1.85 m. It was possible to lift it above the ground level to a height of not more than 1.43 m, and lower it to a depth of 0.33 m. The bulldozer unit was made of strong metal, So it could be very long. Its mass was 5 tons. As for ripping equipment, it was represented by only one tooth. The loosening angle could be changed to 45 degrees. The maximum depth of penetration was 1.2 meters. The ripper plant weighed 3.5 tons.

Service

Thanks to the body of the hood type, access to the main tractor systems did not cause any difficulties. All the parts were very high quality and had a large margin of safety, so the need for frequent repairs did not arise. With proper maintenance, the technician could work without fail in several years with full efficiency. And in the event of a breakdown, repairs were not difficult, since the device was quite simple.

The only problem that could cause difficulties was the transmission failure. It was too sophisticated. All the rest of the equipment any mechanic could repair by using the instruction manual on the operation of the equipment. Spare parts for DET-250 can be purchased without problems from an authorized dealer.

Conclusion

Today we got acquainted with the characteristics of the tractor DET-250. The photo of this car really looks like a tank, but the yellow color and large glass give out its belonging to agricultural machinery. During the operation the device has proved itself as a reliable and very powerful assistant. Today its price fluctuates in the range of 40-50 thousand dollars. It depends on the modification of the tractor and the type of additional equipment installed on it.