Calculation of a canopy of polycarbonate. How to calculate a farm for a canopy

Polycarbonate is an ideal material for the construction of canopies. It allows you to get a light structure with a transparent roof through which sunlight penetrates. As a rule, the frame is made of profiled pipes. To ensure that the entire structure is durable, it is necessary to correctly calculate the polycarbonate canopy.

What the frame consists of

Before the calculation of the canopy, it is necessary to clearly understand what elements it consists of. And there are only a few.

Racks, as is clear from the title, are the elements on which the entire canopy lies. As a rule, this is a profiled pipe with a height of 2.2-2.8 meters. Its height depends on the method of attachment. If it is fastened by anchors to a mortgage, concreted in the ground, then its height is taken 2.2 meters. In cases where the stand is concreted or buried, the height is taken 2.8 meters.

To strengthen the canopy serve as arches and farms. The latter most often install two. But the exact number of arches will tell only the calculated calculation of the canopy. This value depends on the dimensions of the structure.

Fermat is a structural element connecting the supporting pillars and logs.

Polycarbonate sheets are attached to the elements of the structure, which are called guides. To do this, heat washers are used. Their location and pitch frequency depend on the distance between the bearing supports and the type of polycarbonate (its thickness).

Stages of canopy installation

In order to properly calculate the canopy from the profile pipe, it will be superfluous to understand the whole process as a whole. It consists of several stages. On the fixed posts are fastened arches. The angle between them should be exactly ninety degrees. The resulting sections are attached to the anchor bolts. The same supports are attached to the farm. The angle between the trusses and the arches is also straight (that is, ninety degrees). The final stage of fabrication is the fixing of the guides. They are attached to the top of the arches. On this frame is ready. After its painting, polycarbonate sheets can be fixed.

Construction errors that should be taken into account in calculating

Construction of canopies is often performed with errors. They affect not only the choice of the type of construction, but also the resulting calculation of the metal canopy.

A common mistake is choosing an inclined canopy. Often they make a structure on two pillars and are inclined to the windward side. This is not the best option for permanent use (for example, for car parking). The danger is waiting for the wind to change direction. The canopy in this case can be compared with the wing of an airplane. Between it and the ground a lifting force is formed, which can easily demolish the canopy. Even if there are four pillars, this does not always save.

Inclined canopies are suitable for situations where the construction is attached to the building. Free-standing inclined canopies must be made with rounded edges. And the convex part is oriented "towards" the wind.

Types of canopies

Depending on the supporting elements, several types of canopies are distinguished:

• Standing alone. Vertical supports are set up around the perimeter.

• Beam-supporting, which on one side are attached to the building. They have one side held by the pillars. The second falls on the beam, attached to the wall of the building.

• Cantilever support. They differ from the previous type in that here brackets or mortgages are attached to the wall.

• Cantilever, which are kept entirely by mortgages. Usually these are small visors above the door.

Calculation of the canopy of each species is carried out according to different schemes.

Types of canopies

By its design, the hinged structures can be of three types:

• One-pitched, in which the roof is inclined in one direction.

• Gable with two directions of slope.

• Arched, in which the roof is made in the form of a semicircle (arc).

Data collection

Calculation of the canopy from the profile pipe must begin with the collection of necessary information. It should include the following data:

• Material characteristics.

• Purpose of the structure.

• The shape of the structure.

• Data on wind and snow loads (they are presented in special tables for each specific region).

The canopy is calculated taking into account the information described above. It includes formulas and calculations. Not everyone will be able to understand them. The best option is to use special programs and calculators. To date, they abound in the Internet.

Canopies over the entrance console

Canopies console type depends on the size of the porch. In accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents, the area in front of the door should be more than half the width of the door. The average width of the door is 0.9 meters. It turns out that the minimum size of the top platform is 1.35 m (0.9 x 1.5 = 1.35). This value is equivalent to the recommended depth of the canopy.

As for the width of the visor, everything is simple here. It is made 0.6 meters more than the width of the door. On each side the visor should protrude 0.3 meters.

Such a simple way to calculate canopies. Calculation of the design at standard values leads to the following result: depth - 0.9-1.35 m, width - 1.4-1.8 m.

Cantilever awnings above the door

These types of visors are arranged over the entire platform with the capture of the steps. Calculation of the depth of the canopy over the site is calculated similarly to the previous version. To him is added the part that is above the steps. It directly depends on their number. For each step is added about 0.25-0.32 m.

The width depends on the width of the ladder, on each side of which is added to 0.3 meters. If the standard width of the steps in front of the door is 0.8-1.2 meters, then we get a canopy width of 1.1-1.5 meters.

Consider a variant with a ladder of three steps and a platform of standard dimensions. The depth will be of the order of 1.65-2.31 meters (0.9 + 3 x 0.25 or 1.35 + 3 x 0.32). The width under the same conditions is 1.4-1.8 meters. It is calculated as follows: 0.8 + 0.3 + 0.3 or 1.2 + 0.3 + 0.3. Two variants of calculations consider the minimum and maximum values of standard parameters.

Shed awnings adjacent to the building

Calculation of a single-deck canopy, which is adjacent to the house by one side, is carried out with a minus half of the vertical supports. Another important point: the joints of the sheets must be above the profile. This means that a distance of 1260, 2050 or 2100 millimeters, corresponding to the size of the polycarbonate sheet, must be maintained between the profiles. The average width of the canopy is three meters. With this size, there is enough space even for the car. On polycarbonate at this width will bend. He needs a rafter system.

To start, the material is calculated. The canopy attached to the house, with such dimensions, will have six vertical risers. They are all located on the same side. If the structure is separately standing, then the supports need twice as much (that is, twelve, six on each side). For each rafter is a support.

Single ramp-free canopy

The calculation of a stand-alone structure must take into account the load carried by the precipitation. The design will be as rigid as possible if it is made in the form of a triangle.

The canopy is calculated taking into account conditionally accepted values. With a polycarbonate sheet size of 2.1 x 0.6 m, the roof width is taken to be six meters, and the length is 10.6 meters. The most optimal option: the height of the ramp is 2.4 meters and 11 rafter sections. In this situation, six profiles are required (the standard length of six meters). Instead of eleven, you can make only two triangles. This will reduce the amount of consumed materials. This option is suitable for regions with average rainfall.

Calculation of a double overhang

The principle of calculation is similar to one-story structures. The main thing is to achieve structural rigidity. And this is done at the expense of the same triangles. Their optimum number is calculated as follows. Each perimeter meter of the canopy is divided by a vertical profile. The resulting rectangle is divided into two triangles.

Calculation of arch structures

Awning canopies are the most complex structures. The need for the material is directly dependent on the convexity of the roof. This means that the steeper the convexity, the more materials you will have to spend.

To save in this case it is possible only on the rafter system. With the dimensions of the canopy (10.6 x 6 meters) considered earlier, two or three systems will suffice (two at the edges, one in the middle). The remaining "legs" will be arcs. Their ends are not necessarily connected. The metal profile used to make the farm is strong enough. It will be enough to provide the necessary rigidity. The main thing is that the farm is firmly attached to the risers.

If you do with such sizes an arched canopy (for example, for a car), then the following materials will be needed:

- Six profiles curved in the shape of an arc, with a length of six meters. The ends of three of them are connected by a bridge. It is also recommended that they be divided into several triangles to increase the rigidity of the structure.

- For each arc, you need two supports (under each edge). That is, they all need twelve (2 x 6).

- At the edges, along the pillars and along the roof, longitudinal beams are attached. In all, they will need six.

Calculation of the main structural elements

Calculation of the cross-section of the canopy tube depends on the height of the structure itself and the number of columns. If the size of the structure does not exceed five meters, the pipe is selected with a cross-section of 6-8 centimeters. For larger sizes, the number of risers should be increased. To avoid this, you can select a profile with a large section. For example, 10 centimeters.

The size of the crate will depend on the thickness of the polycarbonate and the size of the canopy. If the sheet of plastic has a thickness of one centimeter, and the canopy measures 6 x 8 meters, the crate will be assembled in steps of one meter. These values are in accordance with the loads. For this, there are special tables that take into account the size of the load and the thickness of the polycarbonate. An example of this table can be seen in the photo below. It is designed for polycarbonate with a thickness of six, eight, ten and sixteen millimeters.

The calculation of the arched canopy involves the calculation of farms and their number. It is the size of the trusses that determines the width of the entire canopy. To determine them, you need to know the following information:

• Dimensions of the farm.

• The size of the material (polycarbonate).

• Resistance of metal.

• The way of fastening the elements (welding, bolt and so on).

• Value of loads (in accordance with regulatory documents).

• Steel structures for SNiP.

The size of the canopy is chosen in accordance with the size of the materials. If a polycarbonate sheet has six meters in length, it is either used entirely or cut into two parts. Of course, you can cut more parts. But this will lead to the formation of waste. Thus, the roof will be either six-meter or three-meter high. The length can be chosen any, depending on personal preferences.