Anesthetic apparatus: types, characteristics. Modern medical equipment

Sometimes a person faces serious problems with his health, when the most effective method of treatment is surgical intervention. It is not possible to perform an operation on any organ without anesthesia, otherwise the patient will experience terrible pain, which in the end can cost him his life. There are several types of anesthesia, but the deepest and longest are given with the help of special equipment. An anesthesia device, namely it is the main device present in the operating room, will allow the patient to quickly make a general anesthesia, during which any intervention is performed. But what is this device?

Anesthetic apparatus: what kind of device is it?

An anesthesia machine is a medical device that is intended to provide general anesthesia. This device can be called an anesthetic maintenance system. If in the distant past, the functionality of these devices was reduced to the fact that the supply of inhalation anesthetics and gases for life support in the patient circuit, then modern medical equipment provides more opportunities. It not only can supply oxygen and inhalation anesthetics in the form of gas or liquid, but also perform a comprehensive monitoring of vital indicators:

• Pressure in the airways;
• Flow and concentration of oxygen;
• Automatic artificial ventilation of the patient's lungs.

In view of the fact that the features of carrying out the most complicated operations with the use of general anesthesia are considered a necessity, in addition, it is important to carry out artificial ventilation of the lungs. During operation, the modern apparatus for a certain period of time replaces the functions of the respiratory muscles of the human body, oxygenation and ventilation are provided. To provide anesthesia, an endotracheal tube or an anesthetic mask is used.

In addition, this device allows you to control the volume and pressure, but the methods can be different, for example, it can be auxiliary or controlled ventilation, pressure controlled or supported, and many other functions.

Where is the anesthesia device used?

Anesthetic and respiratory apparatus is used not only for surgical interventions, but also during the therapy of various severe pathologies in which the most important functions of the body are disrupted:

• Acute heart failure;
• Disruptions in the work of the respiratory tract: pneumonia, asthma, puffiness of the lungs;
• shock;
• coma;
• Convulsive conditions of different etiology;
• Severe injuries and burns;

• Infectious diseases, especially botulism, tetanus and others;
• Acute forms of poisoning.

Modular anesthesia system has several modes of operation:

• Provides a positive pressure, which is fed continuously;
• Positive pressure, but it is fed into two levels;
• Combination of the two functions described above.

Types of devices for anesthesia

At present, a huge number of devices have appeared that not only help surgeons, when general anesthesia (anesthesia) is needed , but also to doctors who have to treat patients with complex pathologies.

In order to help doctors in the treatment, manufacturers offer several types of instruments:

• Floor;
• Wall;
• Portable.

Floor models are equipped with a locking system and support in the form of wheels, which made it possible to make them as convenient as possible under stationary conditions.

Wall variants are most often used for equipping helicopters with sanitation, ambulances or ambulances of a modern type.

Portable or modular systems were created to equip emergency workers and rescuers with the most necessary and non-cumbersome equipment that will help in any place to help the patient with any degree of severity of the disease.

In addition, the modular instruments are additionally equipped with batteries that help the device in any conditions to work for several hours without interruption. Also, all devices may vary depending on what category of patients are intended. For example, for children such devices are called neonatal and have a number of additional functions.

The principle of the anesthesia apparatus

Anesthesia works on the principle of injection. They help to deliver into the lungs of the patient a volume of anesthetics in the form of a gas connected to oxygen, or only one oxygen. Everything depends on the situation: it is necessary to perform an operation or resuscitation, it is necessary to take into account the age of the patient, his weight, as well as the attendant ailments.

The ventilation is carried out with positive pressure at the end of exhalation 5-10-15 cm of water column, but the readings are taken into account. It is possible to carry out artificial ventilation of the lungs for several hours, and sometimes days or years. There are also high-frequency devices. They come in several forms: volumetric, jet and oscillatory.

The jet device is most often used, and it delivers a number of respiratory cycles in the range of 100-300 per minute. Thus, it is possible to reduce the burden on the heart, improve blood flow and gas exchange in the lungs. Use of ventilation is possible in parallel with conventional ventilation.

Technical characteristics of anesthesia devices

There is no better equipment, in which several sciences (surgery, anesthesiology and resuscitation) are connected together than an anesthesia machine. Such devices have been used for a long time, but modern devices are distinguished by a variety of functions and help even in the most severe cases. Modern complexes consist of such systems:

• high pressure;
• Dosimeter;
• The evaporator of anesthetics in liquid form;
• Built-in ventilation, which has several operating modes;
• Respiratory circuit with absorbent;
• A display for monitoring processes;
• Aspirator;
• Humidifier of the respiratory mixture.

The dosimeter and the evaporator are necessary in order to accurately adjust the dosage of the drug. In most cases, a rotary type is used where the flow rate of the mixture is set using a float. Evaporator - a special capacity, it is in it is transformed into a liquid anesthetic in steam.

The respiratory unit is used in the same way as manual ventilation and as a store for narcotic drugs.

Features of anesthesia devices

Today, anesthesiology and resuscitation have gone far ahead. All due to the fact that modern equipment allows in a short time to assist patients with severe pathologies. Most often, medical institutions use effective and economical anesthesia. They have a prefabricated structure, which makes it possible to pick up modules from those or other needs of a specialist and the specifics of the operation.

In addition, each existing anesthesia device has its own differences:

• Type of anesthetic fan. And there are two of them: pneumatic and electric, and in some models there is no fan at all.
• Rotameter: mechanical or electronic.
• A variety of use of gases: air, oxygen, nitrous oxide, xenon and others.
• Possibility or inability to use low flow anesthesia.
• The amount of time that allows the device to operate autonomously.
• Dimensions.
• Differences depending on the age of the patient.

Another important difference lies in the convenience of disinfection of equipment. Manufacturers produce models that require a disinfection of the breathing circuit for disinfection, and there are those where such complications are not necessary.

But to accurately understand the characteristics of anesthesia machines, you need to consider several of the most popular species.

The device for anesthesia "Polinarkon"

This device from the domestic manufacturer, it is considered one of the most popular. To date, many doctors have given good reviews of this device, because it helps to provide breathing to a patient on one of 4 circuits. They perfectly integrate with devices that provide artificial ventilation, but best of all they are compared with such devices: PO-5 or 6, PHASE-5, which in the end makes it possible to optimally adjust and constantly monitor the volume of the lungs. Similar models are available for the price.

Ancillary machine Fabius Plus

This device from the German manufacturer "Dreger" is very popular. Those who have already tried it in their work, were satisfied. This device is equipped with an E-vent fan, which provides several ventilation modes:

• Manual / spontaneous;
• Controlling volume;
• With constant pressure control;
• With pressure support;
• Synchronized additional ventilation.

An anesthetic device called "Draeger Fabius" is an electric drive device with a piston and an electronic control. In the kit there is a battery, and it works autonomously for more than 45 minutes. This device has a very simple and understandable interface.

Technical characteristics of "Fabius"

In order to understand exactly what are the advantages of this device, it is better to immediately clarify its functions:

• Continuous monitoring of O2 concentration during inspiration;
• Constant monitoring of respiratory frequency and minute volume;
• Monitoring without interruption of peak pressure in the respiratory tract;
• Pressure plateau.

To say what this device differs from many others, you need to determine its distinctive features:

• It is equipped with a color display, where digital and graphic parameters are displayed;
• He has a reliable and safe system of mechanical rotors;
• There is an opportunity to simultaneously fix two evaporators of inhalation anesthetics;
• He is mobile, so it is easy for a doctor to organize an optimal working space;
• A convenient trolley base, on which it is also possible to arrange another type of equipment.

But no matter how the device is given anesthesia, every patient should know that it can harm the body.

General anesthesia: consequences for the body

Despite the fact that anesthesia was introduced correctly and a professional anesthesiologist, it must be remembered that its introduction entails some possible consequences, among which:

• Hypotension;
• vomiting reflex;
• arrhythmia;
• Edema of the brain;
• asphyxia;
• Complications in the pulmonary system;
• Inflammatory processes;
• Kidney failure;
• Malfunctions in the circulatory system providing the brain.

Themselves, patients who were injected with general anesthesia, the consequences for the body described as: distracted attention, partial loss of memory, problems with speech. Some patients have mild irritability, irritability, nervousness, insomnia.

Especially anesthesia strongly affects children, women bearing babies, and the elderly.

Reviews of doctors

Anesthetic apparatus in its practice is used by surgeons, anaesthesiologists and resuscitators. According to their feedback, the devices that were equipped with operating systems in the far Soviet times were not effective and practical. But at the present time, when innovations do not stand still, everything has changed dramatically, modern devices have a lot of advantages, so that doctors can help even seriously ill people. With their help, it was possible to reduce the mortality of seriously ill patients.

Conclusion

Summarizing, one can say for sure that modern devices of any type are effective devices that help not only to quickly give anesthesia to a person, but also to support the vital activity of some organs. In addition, with their help, the anesthesiologist can choose the optimal dose for a particular patient. Anesthesia apparatus of any type can be used only by qualified specialists, in a hospital or mobile rescue teams on the road.