Analysis of water from the well: price, indicators and laboratories. Where to do the analysis of the water from the well?

When the source of drinking centralized water supply is chosen, priority is given to artesian (pressure) water. From pollution, they are reliably protected from the surface by waterproof layers of rocks. In the absence of such pass to other: free-flowing horizons, groundwater. It is mandatory to analyze the water from the well, which results in the assessment of the quality of natural waters and their compliance with regulatory requirements for drinking water. Use a well for drinking water supply, if there is a positive conclusion issued by the territorial body of Rospotrebnadzor.

Sample selection

The reliability of the results of the chemical-bacteriological study depends on what kind of dishes and how the samples were taken, how soon after the sampling the water was analyzed from the well.

Pre-selection of samples pumping water from the well to full lightening of the jet and to a constant dynamic level. Chemical indicators should be determined no later than 72 hours. If this is not possible, then the sample is cooled and preserved (in the laboratory). Water samples delivered later, loses its properties, and the results of the analysis are always unreliable. Bacteriological properties of water should be determined within 24 hours after sampling.

For chemical analysis of water from the well, samples are taken into plastic containers. Clean clean glass or plastic (new or from under the mineral water) bottles. They are rinsed several times with water. The bottles are filled so that there are no air bubbles in the dishes. The volume of the sample depends on which analysis will be carried out. For a shortened it is enough 1.5 liters, for a full one - 3 liters.

On the radiation analysis, water is poured slowly through a hose, lowered to the bottom of the bottle to avoid volatilization of radon.

The laboratory for SES will issue a sample for bacteriological tests. They will also instruct how to properly select the sample. It's better if the lab technician does it. The delivery time of the sample is not more than two hours. The analysis of water from the well of the SES is carried out immediately.

Qualitative indicators

Drinking water should be: with favorable organoleptic properties (what a person perceives with the sense organs), harmless in its chemical composition, safe in radiation and bacteriological relationships.
Water for drinking is assessed by physical, radiation, chemical and microbiological properties.

Physical properties

The water temperature is measured at the sampling site. The constancy of this indicator in different seasons of the year serves as a guarantee of the lack of an inflow of surface waters.

Smell and taste with a taste are also determined on the spot or not later than 2 hours from the moment of selection. By origin, smells can be: natural (marsh, putrefactive, hydrogen sulfide, fish, etc.) or artificial (phenolic, camphoric, chloric, resin and others).

The best drinking water is without smell and taste. Allowed to use water when assessing taste and smell in 2 points.

Transparency of water is associated with the presence in it of suspensions and colloids. The norm of this indicator for drinking water is 30 cm. If the transparency is less than 10 cm, then the suspended particles are necessarily determined.

The color of water is a color caused by various substances (humic, tannic, iron colloids). An indicator with a value of no more than 20 degrees is allowed, or up to 35 if agreed by the Chief Sanitary Doctor on the territory.

Turbidity of water, according to the standard, is permissible at the level of 1.5 mg / l, but no more.

The electrical conductivity of water has a direct dependence on salt content.

Chemical properties

Analysis of the water from the well must include the definition:

• The active reaction (pH) - the degree of acidity or alkalinity, is quantified by the concentration of hydrogen ions. The limits of the indicator are 6.5-8.5.
• Alkalinity - the content of salts of organic acids.
• Stiffness is the total - the total value of calcium and magnesium ions. For drinking purposes, the allowable concentration is not more than 7 meq per liter.
• The dry residue - characterizes the presence of impurities. In drinking water, this figure should not be higher than 1000 mg per liter.
• Nitrogen-containing substances include ammonia, nitrites (nitrous acid) and nitrates (nitric acid). They are the "markers" of water pollution. If there is ammonia in the water, but there are no nitrites - a fresh decomposition of protein compounds. Their joint presence indicates a certain period from the moment of primary pollution. If there is no ammonia, but there are nitrites and, especially, nitrates - water is self-cleaning. Pollution is old. For drinking purposes, it is permissible to use water with traces of ammonia and nitrites. Nitrates are allowed not more than 10 mg / l. The concentration of this pollutant in drinking water of 50 mg per liter disrupts the oxidative function of the blood.
• Oxidability (the amount of oxygen equivalent to the consumption of the oxidizer) for groundwater is characterized by a value of not more than 5 mg / l O ₂ .
• Hydrogen sulphide - in addition to the unpleasant smell of rotten eggs, gives the water a corrosive activity, causes the overgrowth of pipes due to the development of sulfur bacteria.
• Dissolved oxygen - at any time of the year at least 4 mg per liter.
• Iron (total content) - not more than 0.3 mg in a liter of water.
• Sulfates - no more than 500, chlorides - not more than 350 mg per liter of water.
• Microcomponents (allowable values are given in mg per liter): arsenic - no more than 0.05; Fluorine - no more than 1.5 for I and II climatic regions and not more than 1.2 mg / l for III climatic region; Copper - not more than 1; Zinc - less than 5; Manganese - not more than 0.1.

A complete analysis of the water from the well contains other microcomponents: mercury, lead, strontium, cadmium, molybdenum, selenium, cyanides.

microbiological indicators

The total microbial number is no more than 50 microbial colonies in 1 ml of test water. In 100 ml of the sample, coliforms and thermotolerant bacteria should not be present.

Radiation safety standards

For drinking water, limit values are set (Bq / l):

• Total radioactivity of alpha particles 0.1;
• Total radioactivity of beta particles 1.0.

Other information

Responsibility for determining the hygienic standards of groundwater is imposed on the supplier, called in the Russian legislation by the water user. According to the water legislation, he is obliged to license his activities, as well as obtain a license for the extraction of groundwater. This document establishes a list of analyzed substances and the frequency with which the water is analyzed from the well. Rospotrebnadzor has accredited laboratories in all cities of Russia. This federal institution exercises control and supervision over the quality of the supplied water. You can order the performance of the analysis in any other laboratory, but necessarily accredited to perform the listed tests. Before proceeding to the centralized drinking water supply, the water user is required to obtain the conclusion of the main territorial sanitary doctor for the analysis of the water from the well. The price of determining one indicator is approximately 450 rubles.