What is ethics? The concept of professional ethics

It seems that each person has his own pyramid of values created throughout his life. In fact, it is laid in the subconscious even in childhood. Information received by a child under the age of 6 years goes directly to it. This also applies to the ethical norms of behavior that children receive by observing the actions of parents and listening to their conversations.

Ethics - the concept is very ancient, aimed at studying people's actions and their legitimacy, their moral and moral qualities.

The Science of Good and Evil

Once used by Aristotle, the word ethika became later a science, study and development of which many philosophers of the world devoted themselves. If the ancient thinker was interested in finding an answer to the question of what is the basis of man's actions, subsequent generations of wise men were interested in the concept of ethics and morality in the pyramid of human values.

As a science she studies:

• What place in the social relations is morality;
• Its existing categories;
• main problems.

The concept and subject of ethics concern the following industries:

• Normative indicators, the main study of which is the actions of people from the standpoint of such categories as good and evil;
• Metaethics is engaged in the study of its species;
• Applied science of this plan studies separately taken situations from the position of morality.

Modern ethics - a concept broader than its ancient philosophers had imagined. Today it helps not only to evaluate any actions from the position of correctness, but also awakens the appraisal consciousness in people.

Ethics in antiquity

The wise men of antiquity did not separate it into a separate scientific discipline, but were ranked among the sections of philosophy and law.

Most of all in those days it resembled moralistic aphorisms, which help to awaken in people their best and noble traits of character. It was Aristotle who singled it out into a separate discipline, placing it between psychology and politics.

In a work called "Evdemova ethics" Aristotle touches on issues relating to human happiness and the causes of its occurrence. The profound reflections of this scientist were directed to the fact that, in essence, a person needs to have a goal and energy for the realization of prosperity. As he believed, insubordination of life to its achievement is a great recklessness.

For Aristotle himself, the concept and content of ethics became the foundation for the formation in the minds of his contemporaries of such norms as human virtues. Ancient philosophers referred to them justice, morality, morality and others.

Even before the appearance of the Greek word ethika, which began to denote a science that studies the morality and legitimacy of people's actions, at different times, mankind was interested in the questions of good, evil and the meaning of life. They are the fundamental ones today.

The notion of morality

The main criterion of the morality of this or that person is the ability to distinguish between the concepts of good and evil and the choice of nonviolence, love for one's neighbor, adherence to the spiritual laws of good.

Sometimes the concepts of "ethics", "morality", "morality" are considered synonymous, denoting the same thing. This is not true. In fact, morality and morality are the categories that ethics study as science. Spiritual laws, designated by people in ancient times, require a person to live by the rules of honor, conscience, justice, love and good. The study and observance of the laws of morality was once followed by the church, teaching the believers the Ten Commandments. Today, this is done more at the level of the family and the school where ethics is taught.

A person who practices and promotes spiritual laws has always been called righteous. The concept of the ethics of morality is the correspondence of categories of good and love to the actions that a person performs.

Stories are well known examples of the destruction of powerful empires, after the spiritual values of their peoples were substituted. The most striking example is the destruction of Ancient Rome - a powerful prosperous empire, defeated by the barbarians.

Morality

Another category, which ethics studies, is the notion of morality. This is a fundamental value for the development of both people and their relationships.

Morality is the degree of a person's perfection in such virtues as goodness, justice, honor, freedom and love for the world around him. It characterizes the behavior and actions of people from the standpoint of these values and is divided into personal and social.

Public morals are characterized by such signs as:

• Observance of prohibitions generally accepted for a particular group of people or religion (for example, Jews can not eat pork meat);
• Culture of behavior peculiar to a given society (for example, in the African tribe of mursi, a plate is inserted in women's lips, which is completely unacceptable for the peoples of other countries);

• Actions prescribed by religious canons (for example, observance of commandments);
• Education in every member of society of such moral quality as self-sacrifice.

On the basis of moral values , not only inter-human relations are built, but also between countries and peoples. Wars occur when one of the parties violates accepted norms, which used to be the basis for peaceful coexistence.

History of Professional Ethics

The concept of professional ethics appeared as long ago as the first crafts. Known to all doctors the oath of Hippocrates, for example, is one of the kinds of similar ancient statutes. Their ethical standards were among soldiers, sportsmen-Olympians, priests, judges, senators and other representatives of the strata of the population. Some were presented orally (in a foreign monastery with their own charter do not climb), others were written on tablets or papyri, which have survived to this day.

Some similar rules of antiquity are now perceived as recommendations and prohibitions.

More like the concept of professional ethics guild statute, which was compiled in the 11th-12th centuries in each craft community in its own way. They indicated not only the duties of each of the guilds in relation to colleagues and the artel, but also their rights.

For violation of such a statute, the exclusion of artisans from the community followed, which amounted to ruin. It is well known such a concept as a merchant's word, which can also be called an example of an oral contract between representatives of one or different guilds.

Types of professional ethics

The concept and the subject of ethics in each profession implies those features of the activity that are inherent in this particular work. The moral norms existing for each profession determine the actions of employees within the framework of the adopted rules and procedures.

For example, there is such a thing as medical, legal, economic, military secrets and even confessions. To professional ethics are not only the moral principles and rules of conduct that are characteristic of any human activity, but also of a single collective.

If, in case of violation of the worker's statute, the employee expects administrative punishment or dismissal, then if the moral code of the profession is not observed, he can be judged according to the laws of the country. For example, when a health worker is convicted of euthanasia, he is arrested as a murder.

The main types of professional ethics are:

• Medical;
• Military;
• Legal;
• Economic;
• Pedagogical;
• Creative and others.

The main rule at the same time is high professionalism and dedication to their work.

business ethics

The concept of business ethics refers to the category of professional morality. There are a lot of unwritten laws (in some cases they are specified in company statutes) laws that dictate to businessmen and business people not only the style of clothing, but also communication, making deals or keeping records. Businessman is only called the person who respects the moral standards of honor and decency.

Business ethics - a concept used since the time of people's first deal. Different countries have adopted their own rules for negotiating, no matter whether it concerns business or diplomatic relations, or places where deals are concluded. At all times there were stereotypes of a successful person. In ancient times it was rich houses, servants or the number of lands and slaves, in our time - expensive accessories, an office in a prestigious area and much more.

Ethical categories

Concepts, categories of ethics are the basic postulates of morality, which determine the degree of correctness and incorrectness of human actions.

• Good is a virtue that embodies all the positive that exists in this world;
• Evil is the opposite of good and the general concept of immorality and meanness;

• Good - concerns the quality of life;
• Justice - a category that indicates the same rights and equality of people;
• Duty is the ability to subordinate one's own interests for the sake of others;
• Conscience is the individual's ability to evaluate one's actions from the standpoint of good and evil;
• Dignity is the evaluation of a person's qualities by society.

This is not all the categories that this science is studying.

Ethics of communication

The concept of communication ethics includes the skills of establishing communication with other people. This branch of science is engaged in studying the level of human culture through his speech, the quality and usefulness of the information he provides, his moral and moral values.