We earn on futures: express-education program for beginners. Federal loan bonds and their use

The most famous and affordable ways of investing free money are Forex and the MICEX. If the first is a typical gambling game against the "kitchen" (including such tricks as a quick drain of a high-yielding high-yield PAMM account and adjustment of courses by the administrators of the "kitchen" manually), who do not know the background, the second already gives some guarantee, at least for a partial refund . After all, "blue chips", shares of unsinkable "Sberbank", "Gazprom" and others, you can sell at any time or wait for a return, if not abuse the "shoulders."

Weakly sophisticated, but perspicacious and willing to develop an investor, usually gaining a dozen or two percent on the standard shares of the MICEX-RTS, begins to consider other tools to increase profitability. The trading robots for scalping are bought or written independently, the relevant literature is studied, seminars are visited.

But a comparatively conservative investor is closer still to the option of trading stocks manually. First, a person elementary buy this or that chip cheaper, and sells more expensive, following the expected exchange rate growth. Practice only intraday trading. It is important here to have an established system that sends a signal to buy or sell the asset on time.

Then comes the insight. The investor understands that it is possible to earn on the fall of shares, using all the charms of the so-called "margin trading". In jargon, this is called "short". The fact is that on the RTS-MICEX are not rare days, when the fall is everywhere. It's a sin not to make a profit out of the situation.

The broker gives a loan on the security of the deposit one or another paper. The stock is sold at the current price. And if it falls below its current exchange rate value, at a certain moment the investor buys the share at a lower price. And the difference between the previous price and the current price is in the account of profit. If the paper goes up, the broker deducts the amount from the security deposit.

There are even more advanced tools for making a profit than marginal trading, available to a private investor. It will be about futures contracts for federal loan bonds (OFZ). In fact, these are the same state loan bonds that existed in the USSR, or rather, almost their analogue. This tool is advisable to use the "calm" in the market. You can earn even on a sideways trend.

OFZ represent obligations that the state takes in exchange for funds from the investor's deposit. The issuer issuing federal loan bonds is the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. In return, regular coupon income is paid. In circulation at the moment there are following types of OFZ:

- OFZ with amortization of debt (AD)
- OFZ with a constant income (AP)

An analogue of this financial instrument exists in the United States - US Treasury bonds.

And now, as they say, the crux of the matter is that on RTS-FORTS you can make deals with the futures of the most liquid OFZ (supply contracts), which you can use to play a higher interest rate on coupon income on federal loan bonds. It should be noted that such deals are given a large "shoulder" (OFZ are included in the list of securities for which shorts are allowed). In addition, futures can also be earned on a "short position." And all this with a practically sideways trend!

So, modern stock markets allow, with sufficient level of competence, to earn well, managing a relatively small deposit of 100-300 thousand rubles, using federal loan bonds that have long-standing traditions. Another thing is that for this you need to understand the exchange terms, legislation, develop an effective strategy, but it pays off in full. And most of the small "investors" still play in the thimble on the imaginary "Forex", unsecured, except numbers in the database of "kitchens" and pyramids of various kinds.