The farmstead Zakharovo. History of the museum. Photos and reviews of tourists

The estate of Zakharovo is a historical place where Russian poet A. Pushkin spent his childhood. It is located on the station of the same name in Odintsovo district.

A bit of history

The estate of Zakharovo (Moscow) was first mentioned in the annals of the XVII century. According to these documents, Dorofei (Bogdan) Ivanovich Kamynin, who served as a voivode in Perm and Solikamsk, owned the patrimony. Later, he moved to the service of a copyist Mozhaisk, Vereya and Borovsk. His son, Ivan, rose to the rank of treasurer from a simple rank-and-file, having received a noble nobility, and died childless in the early eighties.

After the death of the husband, the owner of the estate became his widow, and later her sister Avdotya Ivanovna, who married I.I.Urusov. Since then, the estate was in the possession of the Urusovs until the end of 1757. Alexander Yakovlevich - the son of Urusovs, sold it to his colleague DP Savelov, who soon retired and took up the reconstruction of the estate.

In 1781, the noble estate of Zakharovo passes into possession of the outward counselor I. Ya. Tinkov. With the new owner, a two-storey house was built in the estate, a luxurious orchard and a small but very cozy park with maple alleys are broken up.

The Manor of M. A. Hannibal

After the death of I. Ya. Tinkov (1804), the estate was acquired by M. A. Hannibal. The wife of the aura of Peter the Great, she belonged to an ancient boyar family. The grandmother of the future Russian poet every summer hosted her daughter IO Pushkin with her children. Later, when Alexander Sergeyevich grew up and went to study at the Lyceum, the grandmother sold the estate to her sister. Zakharovo Manor (Odintsovo District) has long been a typical Russian village, where folk festivals were regularly held with round dances and chants. All this was absorbed by the future poet. In many of his works he mentioned Zakharovo. Pushkin's estate in those distant times had a small pond on the bank of which grew an ancient linden tree. Near her stood a bench. On it, little Pushkin liked to spend all his free time. Now a monument to the poet is erected on this site.

The manor house in Zakharovo was small, with a very small wing beside it. The facade of the house overlooked a beautiful lime park. On the wide avenue, at the end of which stood a carved wooden gazebo, you could go to the pond.

After selling the estate Pushkin quite often came there, already being a famous poet. He often visited the neighboring village of Vyazemy. Here was buried his brother Nicholas, who died at a very early age. The last time the poet was at the estate in 1831, before the wedding. Contemporaries recalled that he was very upset by the desolation and estates.

Zakharovo in the XIX century

Several times in the XIX century noble estate Zakharovo was sold. Its owners were Kozlovs, Orlovs, Nechayevs. It was planned to redeem the estate in the ownership of the state in order to arrange a memorial there, but the treasury did not have money for this.

The new house appeared in 1900. It existed until 1993. Every year since 1976 the Zakharovo estate becomes the venue for the Pushkin holidays. In 1993, the main house of the manor was burnt during a fire, and in 1999, to the 200th anniversary of the poet, a new one was built.

Museum-Estate of Zakharovo

The creation of the complex is rather curious. The USSR Academy of Sciences in 1949 installed an obelisk near the school in Zakharovo, in memory of Alexander Sergeevich's visits to Zakharovo. Obelisk was declared a monument of culture and history of state significance. But at the same time, officials in the resolution "forgot" about the estate itself, and therefore during the following years it was not a monument, and therefore was not protected. Obelisk carefully protected, it was decorated with flowers, and in the dying park, where Pushkin grew up, grazing cattle.

Only in 1987, on the basis of the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, a literary museum-preserve of Alexander Pushkin was created on the basis of memorable places of estates in the village of Bolshye Vyazemy and Zakharovo, Odintsovo district.

Many experts justifiably consider the poetic homeland of the great poet of the estate of Zakharovo and Vyazem - his childhood passed here. It was on this earth that he first appreciated the beauty of Russian nature, observed peasant dances, heard folk songs, saw the life of a provincial and rich nobility. Here his vital and civil position was formed, here his first poems appeared. Here Alexander Pushkin came when it was hard for him.

Today, on the territory of two estates, there is a historical and literary museum-preserve of Alexander Pushkin. All who come to these places can not only walk along the paths of old parks, but also touch the mute witnesses of the childhood of a genius - monuments of architecture united in a single palace and park ensemble.

Zakharovo Park

Just outside the gate of the museum there is a wide alley, from which a beautiful park stretches on both sides. On the right is the monument of M.A. Hannibal with the young poet, and a little further afield is seen the manor house, restored according to the project of architects V.V. Zubarev and N.V. Kartashova.

Main house of the manor

The situation in this house is quite typical for the manor of that time. Furniture of mahogany, comfortable morocco armchairs, mirrors and bronze. Outwardly, both the house and the outbuilding looked very modest. Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to restore the true original appearance of the building in which the family of Hannibal and Pushkin lived. There was no documentary evidence of his appearance. The only evidence of the kind of manor was Pushkin's poetry.

The manor house is a two-story building. The second floor - mezzanine, lower, service, and on the first - there is an exposition of the museum. In the nine halls of the museum, the interior was reconstructed, in which a great poet grew up.

In the first hall you can get acquainted with the project of house restoration. Here priceless finds found on this land are exhibited - ceramic tiles, bolts from windows, buttons, remains of dishes. Here is a copy of the deed of purchase of Zakharovo M. A. Hannibal.

From the first hall you can go to the front parlor, decorated in the spirit of that time. All furniture and other exhibits are from the XIX century. Here you can see the family portraits of MA Hannibal's parents: A. Yu. Pushkin and S. Yu. Rzhevskaya, the daughter of Nadezhda Osipovna, her husband Sergei Lvovich, and his brother Vasily Lvovich.

Further the guide will take you to the room of the owner of the estate - MA Hannibal. Here you will see a bureau of the XVIII century, which was made by serf masters, a toilet with a mirror "psyche", a couch, handicrafts, books on housekeeping and agriculture, which were published at the end of the XVIII century.

Canteen

The pride of the estate Zakharovo (Moscow) is the grand dining room. It is a fairly spacious room with an oval table, served with dishes of the XVIII century. All the furniture is in a mahogany room. Through the pantry and the corridor, you can go to the kitchen, where Arina Rodionovna and Nikita Kozlov once reigned. There are samplers and samovars, chests and baskets and other utensils, which were in Zakharov during Pushkin's time.

Orchard

Near the house there is a restored orchard. After walking down the path down the Pushkin arbor, you will get to the shore of a picturesque pond with a bridge. In 1815 he was glorified by A.S. Pushkin in the "Epistle to Yudin."

In the estate it is planned to restore ornamental shrubs, a coastal birch grove where, according to Nashchekin's testimony, little Pushkin was walking, imagining himself to be a fabulous hero.

According to the restoration project, the estate of Zakharovo should be sown by Pushkin creek, from which today there is only a dry bed, and also a modern concrete bridge should be replaced by a wooden bridge, which is known from the collections of the Pushkin Museum.

Excursions

The museum hosts interesting excursions, permanent museum exhibitions and exhibitions. On Sundays from September to the end of April, concerts and musical evenings are held in the palace's fireplace room. In addition, the museum has a great work with children - it is planned to open a school for a young pathfinder and guide.

Zaharovo Manor: how to get there?

It is quite easy to do this. From the Belorussky railway station (Moscow) the Zvenigorod electric train will take you to Zakharovo station. Next, take the bus number 22 to the stop "Zakharovo".

By car, drive 44 km along Mozhaiskoye highway, then turn to Zvenigorod, and after 2 km you will be there.

Guest Reviews

Most visitors to this historic site remain very satisfied with their trip. They note that the territory is well-groomed, in flowers, in the museum there are many interesting exhibits. In addition, the professional staff of the museum deserve kind words, which cite many interesting facts from the history of the estate.