The dates of the arrival of the autumn according to the old calendars: autumn holidays

"Dull time, fascination with the eyes ...", - Alexander Pushkin wrote about the autumn. When did this time come for different peoples? The dates of the arrival of autumn in the old calendar are different. The thing is that the "autumns" - the so-called arrival of autumn - were celebrated several times.

Oseniny

The first autumns were celebrated after the harvest, on September 14: they held festivals dedicated to mother earth, thanked her for the good harvest that provided the family with food for the whole year. Also, it was decided to renew the fire for the autumns: the old one was extinguished and a new one was extracted with the help of flint. The dates of the arrival of autumn in the old calendar coincide with the holidays of the solar calendar of the Slavs.

The second autumns were celebrated on September 21, later they coincided with the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The autumn equinox came .

It was customary to meet it on the bank of a river or a lake. In the mornings, women went ashore with bread to treat him to Osenin. In her honor, they sang songs, danced, drove round, after the celebration, bread was broken into pieces and given to livestock.

September 27 marked the third autumn, later this day coincided with the Exaltation. It was called a snake day. It was believed that on that day all the animals and birds were sent to winter for Irius. According to the beliefs of the Slavs, this country is in the seventh heaven, after the death there go the souls of animals and people.

The dates of the arrival of the autumn according to the old calendars of the peoples of the Urals

In the Perm region it was believed that from the bite of the snake this day can save the plant Maryin root, it was customary to wear it around the neck, and later they began to wear along with the cross. In the dictionary of M. Vlasova "Russian superstition" there is such a mention: if you meet a snake, shake it by the tail, then it will not touch you and will not crawl anywhere. The dates of the arrival of autumn according to the old calendars of the peoples of the Urals are also timed to the harvesting festivals and depend on the agricultural calendar.

In 325 AD, the First Ecumenical Council on September 14 was established the beginning of the year. According to some legends, it was in September that the creation of the world took place.

The dates of the arrival of autumn in the old calendars in Russia and significant autumn holidays

September 21 marked the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin. And in the old days, and today people believe that the Blessed Virgin relieves pain, misfortune and sorrow. She is also considered the patroness of children, an assistant to women in childbirth.

Semenov day is celebrated on September 14, according to the national calendar is the day of Simeon Stylites. Until the 17th century this day marked the beginning of the new year.

The Exaltation of the Life-giving Cross was celebrated on the 27th of September. At this time it was customary to establish crosses on the churches and temples under construction, and it was also customary to install roadside crosses.

The Protection of the Blessed Virgin was on October 14. This day in the church calendar is associated with the appearance of the Virgin to the believers. It happened in the 10th century in one of the temples of Constantinople. And according to folk traditions, this day was associated with the completion of work in the fields and the arrival of winter, the appearance of the first snow cover. There is another interpretation regarding the appearance of this holiday. They believed that in one village the wandering Virgin Mary was not allowed to spend the night. Then the angry Ilia the prophet sent thunder, rain, hail, and fire arrows upon them, but the Mother of God took pity on the people and protected her village from death.

November 14 marked Kuzminki - the day of Demian and Kuzma. He was considered a girl's day. It was at this date appointed obsches brides, the girls arranged evening gatherings, prepared holiday dishes. On this day the girl was considered a full mistress in the house.

Church and people's calendars

From all the foregoing it is clear that the dates of the arrival of the autumn according to the old calendars coincide with the church holidays. The Nativity of the Virgin, which is celebrated for six days, falls on the Slavonic holiday of autumn, which celebrate the whole week.

The calendar among the Slavs was rather agricultural, it is reflected in the names of the months, customs, and signs. The latter is often associated with the seasons, features of the terrain and climate. So there was some disagreement about the date of arrival of autumn. According to ancient calendars, the same months for different peoples were called in different ways: for example, both November and October were called deciduous.

Autumn holidays in Tatarstan

The dates of the arrival of autumn according to the old calendars of the peoples of Tatarstan do not have clear boundaries, since they are not tied to the national agricultural calendar. But nevertheless it is possible to allocate some holidays connected with arrival of autumn.

Sambele - a feast of labor among the Tatars, rooted in antiquity. On this day, harvesting from the fields was celebrated, people were resting after heavy work. Young men and girls looked closely at each other - it was believed that before the wedding of Sambele. On this day, laid tables, arranged dances and sang songs.

It is very similar to it the holiday of Salamat, it was also timed to harvest. Unlike Sambele, this day did not suit people's festivities, and celebrated with the family. The main dish is baked from wheat flour, fried in milk - salamate, perhaps, hence the name of the holiday.