Reserves of the Khabarovsk Territory: description, interesting facts and reviews

Khabarovsk region of Russia is a land of unimaginable contrasts. Only here you can see how the tropical liana twists the trunk of the northern cedar, and among the snow bright colors bloom. On only a melted lake in the midst of a coniferous forest, a tropical mandarin duck floats in the water, and among the coniferous trees flies an incredibly beautiful butterfly - the machaon of Maaka. Save this splendor and diversity called the reserves of the Khabarovsk Territory.

The best edge

The third-largest Far Eastern subject of the Russian Federation with an administrative center in the city of Khabarovsk, occupying an area of 787,633 square kilometers. With a population of more than 1.3 million people. The region of the severe Far North and territories equated to it. The place of gold mining and developed industry. But the most important thing is the wealth of natural resources and ecological diversity.

The unique natural resources of the region have long been the subject of state care. Today, 6.7% of the territory of the region has become especially protected. Such areas include:

• Federal: six state reserves, five reserves, national parks "Anyui" and "Shantar Islands".
• Regional: 20 reserves and 2 nature reserves, 68 natural monuments.
• Local: 165 natural sites.

Thus, when answering the question of how many reserves in the Khabarovsk Territory, the answer will sound like this: twelve objects of national importance.

Live symbols of the reserves of the Khabarovsk Territory are the identification marks placed on the emblem. And, of course, these are key species of animals that are protected in protected areas.

In the Khabarovsk Territory the "Living Planet" program operates, the purpose of which is to protect the reserves of the Khabarovsk Territory and to increase the area of protected areas to 10% of the total area of the province. In addition, international treaties with the Asian neighbor China on the protection of adjacent territories and cooperation in the development of green tourism have been signed and are working.

A little bit about the theory

Specially protected natural areas are areas where the state establishes special conditions for conducting any activity and protecting flora and fauna. These are reserves, sanctuaries, natural and national parks, natural monuments.

Reserves are different from other subjects of nature conservation areas more strict rules of the regime of protection and exclusion of economic activities. Including a ban on tourism, with the allocation of only a part of the territory, free for visiting exclusively organized tourist groups. State regulatory and legal acts for each reserve establishes its own regime, which takes into account the totality of factors of its existence.

In zakazniki its regime of security measures, but their status expands the possibilities of development of tourist business. However, in this case the regime of the object is regulated by the state and is established for each reserve.

Natural monuments are separate landscape, geological or biological objects that have special value in the historical, cultural or natural sense. It can be a concrete waterfall, a lake, a rock or even a stone.

Parks - biological, geological, dendrological or botanical - establish a regime that allows you to conduct certain economic activities associated with ensuring the existence of this object.

Activities of all subjects of nature protection territories are controlled and coordinated by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation. The main document - regulating the activities of such entities, Federal Law of 14.03.1995 No. 33 - FZ "On Specially Protected Natural Territories".

The most protected

The most severe in nature protection are the reserves of the Khabarovsk Territory. Their list is as follows:

• "The Bolshekhekhtsirsky". The unique Ussuri taiga. A symbol is a Himalayan bear.
• "Komsomol". Cedar-broadleaf taiga. The symbol is the Steller's sea eagle.
• Bureinsky. Northern taiga. A symbol is a brown bear.
• Botchinsky. Spruce-fir taiga. The symbol of a mandarin duck.
• Dzhugdzhursky. Mountain-taiga forests and larch. A symbol is a brown bear.
• The Bologna. Water-marsh complex. The symbol is a swan-swan.

Separately there is the park "Anyui". It was created not so long ago (2007) on the lands of the Nanaian region with the richest forest and water fund. And the Shantar Islands, as part of the Dzhugdzhursky Reserve.

The Bolshekhekhtsirsky Reserve

It is named after the mountain range of Bolshoy Khekhtsir. The territory of 45.5 hectares is covered with forests. It has many streams and mountain rivers that flow into the Ussuri and Chirka rivers , and into the Amur channel.

Variety of flora and fauna was noted by the great Russian explorer and naturalist NM Przhevalsky. Species diversity is represented by the following:

• 824 species of mushrooms;
• 148 species of lichens;
• 218 species of moss;
• 1020 species of higher plants;
• 2 species of reptiles;
• 45 species of fish;
• 224 species of birds;
• 50 species of mammals.

Red-listed species - 7. The most visited reserve by the tourists, since it is located almost in the suburban zone of Khabarovsk.

Komsomolsky reserve

Almost 5 ha occupies the water basin of tributaries of the Left Amur, the total area is 61.2 hectares. The relief is diverse and includes mountain landscapes. The highest mountain of Ciocletta, 800 meters.

Of the 680 species of plants 8 are listed in the Red Data Book of Russia: yew spiked, water nut, high gastronomy, Venerine slipper, peony obovate, Japanese beard, smooth smoothie and coentant thin.

The endemic of the mountain rivers flowing into the Gorin River are 23 species of fish. Total species diversity is represented by 50 species of fish and 45 species of mammals.

Place of seasonal migrations of migratory birds. Together with the migratory species, the composition is of the order of 233 species of birds.

Located near Komsomolsk-on-Amur and has a wide range of services for outdoor activities. Tours that include rafting along mountain rivers and watching the spawning of chum salmon are very popular with tourists and deserve positive reviews.

Verkhnebureinsky nature reserve

The area of 358 hectares occupies a typical mountainous relief, formed by the ridges of Dusse-Alin and Aesop. It is the most beautiful mountain range in the Far East with a lot of mountain rivers, lakes and waterfalls. One of the deepest lakes Korhabon (14 m) is in the middle of a picturesque circus of rocks.

The combination of mountains and hills with river valleys makes the climate very contrast. In summer the air warms up to 38 C, and in winter the maximum temperature reaches - 45 C.

Difficulty has preserved here a pristine nature, with a species diversity of only 130 species of birds.

On the territory there are deposits of rock crystal, deposits of gold and semiprecious stones.

For tourists, we offer an 11-day route with rafting along the Bureya River, camps in tents and diving in mountain lakes, highly appreciated by many travelers.

Botchinsky nature reserve

It was founded in 1994 to preserve the northernmost population of Amur tigers and spawning grounds of salmonids that enter the many shallow mountain rivers in autumn and spring. The pride of the reserve is the fossils of the Upper Tertiary flora, a unique paleontological monument.

The symbol of the reserve is the Red Book Mandarin duck. It is here that the representatives of southern flora and northern endemics are neighbors.

For tourists, many routes have been developed, both pedestrian and extreme. There are horse routes and ski entertainments, which leave excellent comments for travelers.

Dzhugdzhursky Reserve

Alpine type mountain country. The Dzhugdzhur range up to 1800 meters high is a watershed of rivers that flow into the Sea of Okhotsk and the Arctic Ocean. Protected areas include the islands in the Sea of Okhotsk, a place for resting migratory birds. A lot of rivers and lakes serve as spawning grounds for fish.

The largest reserve of the Khabarovsk Territory was established in 1990. Its area is 859 956 hectares, which is twenty-two times larger than the area of Khabarovsk. The reserve flora includes 280 species, the fauna includes 210 species. The impassable places, the lack of transport links and electricity - issues that have yet to be solved.

Bologna Reserve

A fairly young reserve in the Khabarovsk Territory, it was founded in 1997 to protect the nesting and migration sites for many species of birds. The terrain and landscape of all 103 600 hectares are monotonous and refer to wetlands. The vegetation of the marshes is unique.

On Lake Albit in the spring observe up to 150 thousand birds. It is here that the route for tourists "The Bird's Crossroads" leads. A very colorful complex in the village of Juna recreates the way of life and culture of the indigenous people - Nanais.

Difficulties in the development of ecotourism

The development of ecotourism is one of the primary tasks set by the Russian government towards the subjects of nature conservation areas. In this regard, the reserves of the Khabarovsk Territory face objective difficulties.

The material base of the tourist infrastructure is not always attractive for most tourists. The construction of modern camping and parking for trailers could be a factor in increasing the number of travelers. But not all nature protection objects can boast such tourist townships. Today, the reserves of the Khabarovsk Territory rely on a guest who is ready to make long walks, spend the night in a tent and get by with a minimum of the benefits of civilization.

Another natural obstacle is that the reserved taiga is the focus of tick-borne encephalitis. You can take the best possible protection measures, but the risk exists, and nothing can be done about it.

Deficiency of unique tourist attractions is also a problem experienced by the reserves of the Khabarovsk Territory. No, there are unique and endemic sites. But, firstly, they are difficult to access. And secondly, there can not be led a group of tourists, so as not to violate this most endemic. And although meeting with interesting chipmunks and squirrels already brings an incomparable joy of communication with nature, this is not a unique phenomenon. Disappearing species that attract a tourist often do not long to meet people.

Huge work is carried out by reserves to popularize their activities in order to educate the public and the broad masses about their activities. This is the attraction of the media, and the use of Internet content, and close cooperation with tourism business entities.

Reserve "Komsomolsky" recently announced a competition for schoolchildren "Living symbols of protected areas." Children, both in Russia and abroad, can take part. The results will be summed up in April 2017, the winners will receive letters and gifts.