Hemangioma of the face: causes and treatment. Hemangioma on the face in adults and children

To date, the hemangioma of the face is considered a fairly common problem. By the way, it is often found in children in the first days or months of life. Therefore, many people are interested in questions about what is such an education? How dangerous is this structure? What methods of treatment does modern medicine offer? This information will be useful for many readers.

What is hemangioma?

Hemangioma of the face is a very common problem. But what is a neoplasm? In fact, this is nothing more than a benign vascular tumor. Most often, such an ailment is diagnosed in children immediately after birth. Sometimes spots on the skin become more noticeable after a few days. But in adults, these new growths are rare.

According to statistical data, out of a hundred newborn children at least one has a tumor on the body. By the way, in girls, the ailment is diagnosed 2 - 3 times more often than in boys. In most cases, hemangioma is not a serious threat. Nevertheless, diagnosis and treatment in this case are necessary.

The main causes of neoplasm

To date, it is not known why the hemangioma of the face appears. Nevertheless, doctors and researchers have some theories. It is believed that in this case, children have some genetic predisposition, although this theory is not always true.

In addition, the list of reasons doctors include mother's diseases during pregnancy, for example, colds or other acute respiratory infections, especially in the first 3-6 weeks. It is also believed that the use of certain pharmaceutical drugs by a woman during childbearing can also affect the development of his vascular system. On the other hand, the hemangioma of the face can be the result of hormonal features of the body, because in some children this new formation disappears by itself in adolescence.

The main symptoms of the disease

Hemangioma of the face (photo) may look different. For example, a tumor can be located on the surface of the skin. In such cases, it looks like a spot of red with clear edges. The surface of the neoplasm can be either smooth or bumpy, depending on the shape of the tumor. Sometimes the hemangioma is located under the surface of the skin and resembles a small tubercle of cyanotic color.

Modern schemes of neoplasm classification

Modern medicine uses a variety of systems for classifying hemangiomas depending on their shape, size, location and structure. For example, a capillary tumor consists of small capillaries, has the appearance of a reddish patch on the surface of the skin.

Cavernous hemangioma is formed from larger vessels - veins and arteries. Most often, such a neoplasm is located in the deeper layers of the skin and has the appearance of a cyanotic tubercle. There is also a mixed form of the tumor, which is a plexus of various vessels and connective tissues.

Cavernous hemangiomas and their features

If a child has a hemangioma on his face, it is quite possible that it is a cavernous form of the tumor, since it is one of the most common. This new growth can either have a skin color, or acquire a reddish, even cyanotic shade (if it is located deep in the skin layers). In some cases, the tumor can be combined with capillary hemangioma. Neoplasms can be either single or multiple.

In most cases, this form of the tumor spontaneously resolves itself during puberty. Cavernous hemangioma can be both venous and arterial.

What kind of diagnosis is required?

Most often in the first days after birth, you can see that the child on the face of hemangioma. In adulthood, such neoplasms are extremely rare. First of all, the patient needs an examination of the surgeon. After that the doctor will appoint the necessary studies. In particular, it is required to pass standard analyzes. In addition, an extremely important diagnostic procedure is the ultrasound examination of the neoplasm. Such testing allows to determine the volume and depth of the tumor, as well as to study its structure and peculiarities of location in relation to vessels, nerve endings, muscles and other neighboring tissues.

In the presence of deep, extensive neoplasms, angiography is mandatory. Only after receiving all the data the doctor will be able to appoint an adequate and effective treatment.

Hemangioma of the face: treatment

Immediately it is worth noting that only an expert can deal with the treatment of such a disease - to use the methods of traditional medicine before consulting a doctor is strictly prohibited.

Today, many parents are interested in the question of how the removal of hemangioma occurs in children. In fact, it is unlikely that a doctor will immediately prescribe a similar procedure, since many small patients dissolve similarly on their own. In addition, children's age is a contraindication to many methods of treatment. Nevertheless, the child should be observed regularly with the doctor.

Removal of hemangioma in children or in adult patients can be carried out in several ways - it all depends on the size, characteristics and location of the hemangioma. For example, to eliminate small tumors, the method of vascular sclerotization is used, in which a special preparation is administered to the tumor, a sclerosant (for example, 70% alcohol). This technique is fairly simple to use and is available, but its shortcomings are the duration and painfulness of the procedure.

Small tumors can also be removed by cryopreservation, when the tissues of a pathologically altered structure are exposed to liquid nitrogen. This procedure is also accompanied by soreness, and sometimes after it on the skin may remain a trace. Nevertheless, to the positive moments can be attributed almost instant effect and availability.

Naturally, this is by no means all ways by which one can get rid of such an unpleasant problem as a person's hemangioma. Treatment can be by electrocoagulation. By the way, this technique is irreplaceable in the event that the tumor bleeds profusely.

Today, laser therapy is becoming more popular, which has a mass of undoubted advantages, including quick effect, painlessness, absence of scars on the skin, etc. Surgical excision of hemangioma is also possible, but today such a technique is rarely used.

By the way, along with different methods of removal, patients can also be prescribed hormonal treatment, which helps to reduce the size of the hemangioma, as well as to prevent its re-education.

Indications for surgical intervention

As already mentioned, in most cases, laser therapy is used to eliminate neoplasms. Surgical removal is the exception to the rule. However, in some cases, surgery is necessary. Hemangioma on the face is subject to surgical excision in the event that:

• Rapidly growing neoplasm strongly compresses surrounding structures, for example, vessels or nerve endings;
• Hemangioma greatly increased in size and its diameter reached 5 centimeters;
• The patient complains of pain in the area of the neoplasm;
• Hemangioma grows very rapidly (over the year it increases by more than 50-60%);
• The tumor bursts and begins to bleed;
• In the course of diagnosis it was not possible to establish the nature of the origin of the neoplasm;

What is dangerous is a similar growth?

In most cases, the hemangioma of a person does not constitute a threat to human health or life. When these tumors are formed, no changes are observed at the cellular level. Nevertheless, such a neoplasm on the skin of the face delivers a lot of inconvenience to a person, creating some or other complexes about the appearance.

But in some cases, such a tumor can become dangerous. For example, expanding hemangioma often compresses blood vessels, disrupting the normal trophism of tissues. It is possible and jamming the nerve endings, which is also accompanied by pain and other symptoms.

Hemangioma on the face is constantly affected by the external environment. Often, her tissues are damaged by mechanical factors and begin to bleed. In this place, ideal conditions are created for penetration and vital activity of the infection. Patients with diabetes mellitus often develop ulcers on the tumor site, which heal very long.

If there was a hemangioma in adults on the face, then there is a small probability of its malignant degeneration. That's why you need to consult a doctor with this problem - in no case should you ignore the problem or try to remove the tumor yourself, at home.